■'v^  -  NnTI. 


MANUAL 


Of  the  Board  of  Foreign  Missions  of 
the  Presbjrterian  Church 
in  the  U.  S.  A. 


REVISED— 1927 


156  FIFTH  AVENUE 
NEW  YORK 


MANUAL 

Of  the  Board  of  Foreign  Missions  of 
the  Presbyterian  Church 
in  the  U.  S.  A. 


REVISED— 1927 


156  FIFTH  AVENUE 
NEW  YORK 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 

"S 

in  2018  with  funding  from 
Columbia  University  Libraries 


https://archive.org/details/manualofboardoffOOpres_0 


INTRODUCTION 


HIS  Manual  is  for  the  guidance  of  the  missionaries  and 


officers  of  the  Board  of  Foreign  Missions  of  the  Pres¬ 


byterian  Church  in  the  U.  S.  A.  It  is  not  a  formal 
contract  between  the  Board  and  the  missionaries,  but  it  states 
the  regulations,  policies  and  methods  which  experience  has 
shown  to  be  essential  to  efficient  conduct  of  missionary  work 
and  to  harmonious  cooperation  between  all  those  who  are 
engaged  in  it. 

The  edition  of  1922  having  become  exhausted,  the  Board 
has  now  incorporated  the  amendments  and  official  interpreta¬ 
tions  that  have  since  been  adopted  together  with  some  neces¬ 
sary  explanatory  matter.  A  just  administration  and  equitable 
treatment  of  all  missionaries  render  special  privileges  to  in¬ 
dividuals  inadvisable.  The  regulations  are  believed  to  be 
sympathetically  appreciative  of  the  missionaries’  position  and 
work,  and  requests  for  exceptions  are  usually  embarrassing 
to  all  involved.  All  concerned  are  expected  to  familiarize 
themselves  with  this  Manual  and  to  recognize  that  observance 
of  its  provisions  is  for  the  best  interests  of  the  work.  Experi¬ 
ence  has  shown  that  confusion  and  misunderstanding  may  arise 
from  neglect  of  its  provisions. 

The  appointment  of  new  missionaries  is  not  deemed  effective 
until  the  Board  has  received  their  signature  to  a  "Manual 
Acceptance  Card’’  which  reads  as  follows; 

“I  hereby  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  a  copy  of  the 
Board’s  Manual  giving  the  rules  and  regulations  which 
govern  the  missionaries  in  their  work  and  in  their  relations 
to  the  Board.  I  have  carefully  read  it,  and  I  promise 
compliance  with  its  provisions,  believing  that  I  can  labor 
cheerfully  and  happily  under  the  direction  of  the  Board 
and  in  conformity  with  the  system  which  it  finds  necessary 
in  order  to  maintain  its  extensive  and  intricate  work 


I  understand,  however,  that  this  Manual  is  neither  a 
contract  nor  a  final  expression  of  the  Board’s  principles 
and  rules,  but  that  it  is  subject  to  such  amendments  as  the 
Board  may,  from  time  to  time,  deem  to  be  for  the  best 
interests  of  the  cause.” 

The  spiritual  aspects  of  the  missionary  wmrk  are  of  course 
entitled  to  the  foremost  place  in  the  thoughts  and  aflfections  of 
all  who  engage  in  it.  It  is  therefore  not  in  any  undervaluing  of 
these  high  views  that  this  Manual  deals  so  largely  with  the 
details  of  organization  and  administration. 


4 


OBJECTIVES  AND  FORMS  OF  WORK 

A.  THE  AIM  OF  FOREIGN  MISSIONS 

1.  The  supreme  and  controlling  aim  of  Foreign  Missions 
is  to  make  the  Lord  Jesus  Christ  known  to  all  men  as  their 
Divine  Saviour  and  to  persuade  them  to  become  His  disciples; 
to  gather  these  disciples  into  Christian  churches  which  shall 
be  self-propagating,  self-supporting,  self-governing;  to  co¬ 
operate,  so  long  as  necessary,  with  these  churches  in  the 
evangelizing  of  their  countrymen,  and  in  bringing  to  bear  on 
all  human  life  the  spirit  and  principles  of  Christ. 

B.  RELATIONSHIPS  OF  GENERAL  ASSEMBLY, 
BOARD  AND  MISSIONS 

Action  of  the  General  Assembly  of  1922 

2.  “The  commission  ‘Go  ye  into  all  the  world,  and  preach 
the  Gospel  to  the  whole  creation’  (Mark  16:15)  was  given 
to  the  w'hole  Church,  and  the  work  of  evangelizing  non- 
Christian  nations  is  the  responsibility  of  all  Christians.  ‘The 
Church  itself  is  the  first  Missionary  Society.’ 

“The  General  Assembly  of  the  Presbyterian  Church  in  the 
U.  S.  A.,  acting  on  behalf  of  the  whole  Church  and  in  ac¬ 
cordance  with  the  provisions  of  its  Constitution,  conducts 
the  work  of  Foreign  Missions  of  the  Presbyterian  Church  by 
a  Board  appointed  for  that  purpose. 

“The  Board  of  Foreign  Missions  is  the  agent  of  the  General 
Assembly  for  organizing,  supporting  and  administering  the 
work  of  Foreign  Missions.  It  is  amenable  to  the  General 
Assembly,  and  reports  its  proceedings  every  year  for  review 
and  approval.  It  has  complete  supervision  of  ■  the  whole 
Foreign  Mission  Avork  of  the  Church,  subject  only  to  such 


So.  3 


5 


directions  as  may  be  given  from  time  to  time  by  the  General 
Assembly. 

“The  missionaries  on  the  field  are  representatives  of  the 
whole  Presbyterian  Church.  Ordained  ministers  are  subject 
to  the  jurisdiction  of  the  Presbyteries  of  which  they  are 
members  in  all  matters  pertaining  to  their  ministerial  stand¬ 
ing.  As  missionaries,  in  common  with  all  others  appointed 
by  the  Foreign  Board,  they  are  necessarily  under  the  direction 
and  control  of  the  Board  as  the  agent  of  the  General 
Assembly. 

“The  Missions  are  the  agents  of  the  Board  of  Foreign  Mis¬ 
sions  for  organizing  and  administering  the  work  on  the  field. 
Their  powers  are  delegated  by  the  Board,  with  the  approval 
of  the  General  Assembly,  and  are  defined  in  the  Board’s 
Manual.  They  regularly  report  all  actions  to  the  Board  for 
review  and  approval.  The  Mission  is  not  a  permanent  in¬ 
stitution.  It  is  a  necessary  organization  in  the  first  stages 
of  evangelization,  but  aims  to  build  up  as  soon  as  possible 
an  indigenous  Church,  which  shall  be  self-propagating,  self- 
supporting  and  self-governing,  and  prepares  and  encourages 
the  native  Church  to  complete  the  work  of  evangelization  in 
the  mode  best  suited  to  its  own  national  genius.’’ 

C.  FORMS  OF  WORK 

The  Board  deems  all  methods  and  forms  of  missionary 
service  legitimate  in  so  far  as  they  contribute  to  the  realiza¬ 
tion  of  the  aim  stated  in  Article  1.  At  the  same  time 
it  recognizes  that  questions  of  proportion  and  relation  of 
various  methods  will  have  to  be  determined  in  the  light  of 
varying  conditions. 

Evangelistic  or  Church  Work 

3.  In  the  direct  evangelistic  or  church  work,  the  aim  is: 

(a)  To  convey  the  Gospel  to  the  people  as  quickly  and 
effectively  as  possible  by  preaching,  teaching,  evangelistic 


6 


institutional  enterprises,  personal  work,  distribution  of  litera¬ 
ture,  the  example  of  the  Christian  life,  and  the  influence  of 
the  Christian  home. 

(b)  To  instruct  in  the  Word  of  God  and  lead  into  saving 
relationship  with  Christ  those  who  have  become  interested 
in  the  Gospel  message. 

(c)  To  co-operate  in  organizing  converts  into  churches  and 
in  providing  for  their  spiritual  oversight  and  nurture, 
that  they  may  be  developed  into  faithful  and  efficient  Chris¬ 
tians,  filled  with  zeal  for  the  glory  of  God  and  the  salvation 
of  men. 

(d)  To  co-operate  with  the  Church  in  promoting  such 
practical  forms  of  service  for  the  welfare  of  individuals  and 
society  as  will  adequately  express  the  spirit  of  Jesus  Christ 
and  the  social  teachings  of  His  Gospel. 

(e)  To  co-operate  with  the  Church  in  seeking  out  and 
training  men  and  women  of  special  promise  for  leadership 
in  the  various  kinds  of  evangelistic  work  carried  on  by  the 
Mission  or  the  Church. 


Educational  Work 

4.  The  aim  of  missionary  education  on  the  foreign  field  is: 

(a)  The  nurture  of  the  children  of  the  Christian  community 
and  the  training  of  those  fitted  for  Christian  leadership.  This 
objective,  which  is  essential  to  the  missionary  enterprise  and 
which  cannot  be  adequately  met  except  by  missionary  educa¬ 
tion,  involves  the  training  for  efficient  participation  in  family, 
community,  vocational,  church  and  state  life.  Evangelization 
is  primary  and  essential  to  this,  but  evangelistic  methods  are 
not  sufficient  for  its  accomplishment.  Secular  education  is 
not  adequate  because  it  does  not  prepare  for  efficient  Christian 
participation  in  social  life.  Even  missionary  education  will 
not  meet  the  need  unless  it  has  a  thoroughly  socialized  cur- 

7 


riculiim  and  supplies  specific  training  that  is  both  Christian 
and  efficient. 

(b)  The  evangelization  of  non-Christians.  In  some  coun¬ 
tries  missionary  schools  furnish  an  important  means  of  at¬ 
tracting  young  people  to  come  under  Christian  influences, 
often  including  classes  not  ordinarily  accessible  to  the  evan¬ 
gelist,  and  aflording  opportunity  through  prolonged  contact  for 
thoroughly  setting  forth  the  Gospel  by  word,  example,  work 
and  personal  friendship. 

(c)  The  leavening  of  non-Christian  society.  Through 
some  who  may  not  confess  Christ  in  the  school,  or  who  may 
never  confess  Him,  Christian  ideals  may  yet  be  brought  to 
bear  on  non-Christian  society  that  its  evils  may  be  abated, 
its  spirit  influenced,  and  the  winning  of  others  to  faith  in 
Christ  facilitated. 

Medical  Work 

5.  Medical  work  is  not  merely  a  key  to  open  the  door  into 
non-Christian  communities,  but  an  integral  part  of  the  mis¬ 
sionary  enterprise. 

(a)  Generically,  the  aim  of  medical  missions  is  an  integral 
part  of  the  aim  common  to  all  forms  of  missionary  work, 
that  is,  to  lead  people  to  Christ  and  to  organize  them  into 
churches  and  train  them  to  self-propagation,  self-support  and 
self-government. 

(b)  Specifically,  the  aim  is:  (1)  The  relief  of  suffering;  (2) 
Training  a  national  Christian  medical  profession;  (3)  Removal 
of  superstition  regarding  causes  of  disease;  (4)  Preventive 
medicine — public  health;  (5)  To  do  these  things  in  the  name 
and  spirit  of  Christ  so  as  to  strengthen  the  evangelistic  work. 

While  everything  possible  should  be  done  to  alleviate  suf¬ 
fering  and  save  life,  at  the  same  time  the  physician  and  nurse 
should  aim  to  multiply  their  powers  through  the  training 
of  doctors  and  nurses,  thereby  establishing  in  the  country 
an  indigenous  Christian  medical  profession.  The  accomplish- 


8 


ment  of  this  purpose  requires  medical  schools  and  hospitals, 
training-  schools  for  nurses,  the  creation  of  medical  literature, 
and  facilities  for  training  in  medical  research  and  in  the  pro¬ 
motion  of  public  health. 

The  duty  of  medical  missionaries  is  not  limited  to  the  treat¬ 
ment  of  diseases  that  have  developed.  They  are  the  health 
and  sanitation  officers  of  their  respective  stations  with  respon¬ 
sibilities  for  the  prevention  of  disease. 

The  medical  care  of  the  missionaries  and  the  institutions 
under  their  control  is  one  of  their  chief  responsibilities, 
and  this  service  properly  rendered  can  be  utilized  to  increase 
greatly  the  efficiency  and  prolong  the  service  of  the  entire 
missionary  body. 

Social  service  by  the  medical  staflf  should  also  be  advan¬ 
tageously  used  for  the  removal  of  ignorance,  poverty  and 
vice,  and  undoubtedly  is  one  of  the  most  eflfective  methods 
of  evangelization. 

Both  physician  and  nurse  ought  continually  to  manifest 
fervent  loyalty  to  the  Lord  Jesus  Christ  in  order  that  His 
spirit  may  permeate  the  entire  work  and  that  the  seed  sown 
in  loving  service  may  yield  a  rich  harvest  of  souls. 

Literary  Work 

6.  In  the  literature  and  publication  department,  the  aim 
is  to  prepare  and  widely  circulate  in  the  vernacular  the  Bible 
and  other  books,  tracts  and  periodicals  for  the  nurture  and 
improvement  of  Christians  and  the  pupils  of  Christian  and 
other  schools,  together  with  literature  suitable  for  apologetic 
and  evangelistic  purposes;  and,  wherever  practicable,  to  utikize 
the  native  press  as  a  means  of  disseminating  Christian  truth. 


9 


THE  MISSIONARY  FORCE 

A.  CLASSES 

7.  (a)  Regular  missionaries  are  all  missionaries  ordained 

or  lay,  men  or  women,  under  full  appointment  by  the  Board 
for  life  service  and  subject  to  the  obligations  and  entitled  to 
the  privileges  set  forth  in  the  Manual.  Wives  of  regular 
missionaries  are  included. 

(b)  Special  term  missionaries  are  missionaries  appointed  for 
a  fixed  term  by  the  Board  and  supported  either  by  the  Board 
or  by  some  institution  or  department  of  its  work.  Such 
missionaries  are  responsible  to  the  institution  or  department 
in  which  thej'^  are  employed  and  are  not  entitled  to  outfit  or 
home  allowance,  but  only  to  such  provision  as  is  specified 
in  the  terms  of  their  engagement.  (Cf.  Article  22.) 

(c)  Affiliated  missionaries  are  persons  who  are  not  under 
full  appointment  by  the  Board  or  subject  to  the  Manual, 
except  as  stated  below,  but  have  been  designated  by  the  Board  as 
affiliated  missionaries  on  satisfactor}^  evidence  from  the  Mission 
concerned  as  to  their  Christian  character  and  helpful  relations 
to  the  Mission.  They  may  attend  Mission  meetings  and 
participate  in  the  counsels  of  the  Mission  without  vote,  unless 
by  special  action  of  the  Mission  and  the  Board.  Affiliated 
missionaries  may  be  temporarily  supported  in  whole  or  in 
part  by  the  Board,  or  may  be  otherwise  supported  or  be  self- 
supporting.  When  supported  in  whole  or  in  part  by  the 
Board,  their  work  shall  be  under  the  supervision  of  the 
Mission,  and  subject  to  the  provisions  of  the  Manual. 
It  is  not  expected  that  persons  of  other  denominations  will 
apply  to  be  affiliated  missionaries  of  the  Presbyterian  Board, 
if  their  own  denomination  has  work  in  the  city  where  the 
person  resides.  Appointment  as  affiliated  missionary  of  the 
Board  shall  be  understood  as  only  for  the  duration  of  residence 


10 


on  the  field  in  the  cooperating  relationship  with  missionary 
work  which  led  the  Mission  to  recommend  the  appointment, 
and  such  membership  shall  automatically  lapse  on  permanent 
departure  from  the  field.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Mission 
concerned  through  its  Executive  Committee  to  report  such 
departures  to  the  Board.  In  the  event  of  a  return  to  the  field, 
it  shall  lie  within  the  discretion  of  the  Mission  and  the  Board 
to  restore  the  former  status. 

There  are  missionaries  under  each  of  these  three  mutually 
exclusive  classes  who  are  self-supporting  as  to  salary,  travel 
and  all  other  financial  allowances,  but  whose  obligations  and 
privileges  are  the  same  as  those  of  other  missionaries  of  their 
class.  Other  friends  on  the  field  maj%  at  the  discretion  of 
the  Alission,  be  invited  to  sit  as  corresponding  members  of  the 
Mission  at  a  given  meeting. 


B.  GENERAL  REQUIREMENTS 
Moral  and  Spiritual 

8.  Candidates  for  appointmen!  as  missionaries  should  be 
of  marked  Christian  character  and  culture,  with  deep  conviction 
as  to  the  essentials  of  the  Faith  and  a  strong  desire  to  serve 
Christ,  already  made  evident  by  Christian  work  at  home.  A 
small  number  of  such  candidates  is  preferable  to  a  greater 
number  lacking  in  earnestness  and  spiritual  qualifications. 
These  requirements  are  also  essential  in  the  case  of  special 
term  candidates. 

Educational 

9.  Other  things  being  equal,  the  higher  the  educational 
qualifications  the  more  efficient  the  missionary.  A  full  college 
course  plus  Biblical  and  technical  training  is  ordinarily 
required.  Married  women,  as  a  rule,  shall  have  the  same 
qualifications  as  are  required  of  single  women. 


11 


Application 

10.  Persons  desiring  appointment  as  missionaries  are  ex¬ 
pected  to  answer  a  series  of  personal  questions  as  to  health, 
preparation  and  Christian  experience;  to  submit  certificates  of 
church  membership;  and  to  undergo  a  medical  examination 
by  a  physician  designated  by  the  Board.  They  are  also  ex¬ 
pected  to  write  a  letter  giving  a  sketch  of  their  lives;  their 
Christian  development;  their  motives  in  seeking  missionary 
appointment;  the  content  of  their  Christian  message;  and  to 
furnish  any  other  information  which  the  Board  ought  to  have 
bearing  upon  their  appointment.  Names  should  also  be  fur¬ 
nished  of  those  who  can  speak  of  the  candidate’s  qualifications. 
Candidates  should  correspond  with  the  Candidate  Department 
wliich,  upon  request,  will  supply  regular  forms  of  application. 

Justice  and  kindness  alike  require  that  testimonials  should 
be  full,  discriminating  and  impartial.  They  should  be  sent 
directly  to  the  Board  by  those  writing  them,  and  will  be 
regarded  as  confidential.  Personal  interviews  with  a  repre¬ 
sentative  of  the  Board  are  expected. 

Age 

11.  Candidates  as  a  rule  should  not  be  over  thirty  years 
of  age.  Only  in  special  cases  will  candidates  who  have  children 
be  considered  for  appointment  as  missionaries  on  account  of 
the  additional  expense  and  health  risks  involved,  and  the 
lessened  freedom  for  language  study  in  the  first  years  on  the 
field. 


C.  SPECIAL  REQUIREMENTS 
For  Evangelistic  Work 

12.  In  addition  to  the  requirements  in  Article  10,  men  seek¬ 
ing  appointment  as  ordained  missionaries  will  be  required  to 
furnish  testimonials  from  their  college  and  seminary  professors, 
or  something  equivalent,  as  to  their  literary  and  theological 
attainments;  also  recommendations  from  their  Presbyteries 


12 


as  to  their  standing  and  qualifications  for  missionary  service. 
Without  such  recommendation  of  Presbytery,  no  ordained 
missionary  will  be  commissioned.  Women  seeking  appoint¬ 
ment  for  evangelistic  service  should,  in  addition  to  the  re¬ 
quirements  mentioned  in  Article  9,  have  at  least  one  year 
and  if  possible  two  years  in  a  training  school  for  Christian 
workers.  It  is  expected  that  these  candidates  will  have  had 
some  e.xperience  in  personal  evangelistic  work. 

For  Educational  Work 

13.  Those  seeking  appointment  for  educational  work  should 
present  testimonials  not  only  from  the  colleges  and  normal 
schools  in  which  they  have  studied  but  also  concerning  their 
experience  and  capabilities  as  teachers. 

For  Medical  Work 

14.  Those  desiring  appointment  for  medical  work  (both  men 
and  women)  must  be  graduates  of  grade  “A”  medical  schools, 
must  furnish  recommendations  from  medical  professors  and 
others  as  to  their  professional  attainments,  and  must  have  at 
least  one  year  of  hospital  work  in  an  approved  institution. 
Medical  missionaries  should  take  either  The  National  Board  or 
d'he  State  Licensing  Board  examinations  before  going  to  the 
field. 

Nurses  should  be  graduates  of  approved  nurses’  training 
schools  and  should  have  some  further  experience  in  their  pro¬ 
fession.  They  should  have  a  State  License  carrying  the  degree 
of  R.N. 

For  Industrial,  Business  and  Other  Work 

15.  Other  unordained  persons  applying  for  appointment  are 
required  to  furnish  similar  testimonials  as  to  character  and 
Christian  experience,  and  also  testimonials  bearing  on  their 
qualifications  for  the  special  form  of  foreign  missionary  work 
proposed. 


No.  4 


13 


Missionary  Wives 

16.  Wives  are  missionaries  uniting  with  their  husbands 
in  missionary  service.  It  is  expected  that  they  will  learn  the 
language  and,  so  far  as  is  consistent  with  their  strength  and 
household  duties,  take  part  in  missionary  work.  All  wives 
of  men  seeking  appointment,  or  women  expecting  to  become 
wives  of  missionaries,  are  expected  to  furnish  the  information 
outlined  in  Article  10. 

In  view  of  the  serious  embarrassment  to  the  work  on  the 
held,  and  disappointment  to  supporters  at  home,  which  would 
he  caused  by  the  marriage  of  single  women  soon  after 
their  arrival  on  the  held,  they  should,  before  marrying  there, 
consider  the  exigencies  of  the  work  for  which  they  were 
appointed.  An  unmarried  missionary,  before  marrying  on  the 
held,  if  expecting  to  retain  Board  appointment,  should  see  that 
the  hance,  or  hancee,  submits  the  information  to  the  Board 
required  in  Article  10  for  applicants  in  America.  Where 
women  leave  the  Mission  to  marry,  the  same  rules  apply  as 
in  other  cases  of  withdrawal  from  the  Mission  (Cf.  Article  29). 

Candidates  on  the  field 

17.  Except  in  cases  of  candidates  whose  papers  were  approved 
prior  to  their  departure  for  the  field  and  women  missionaries 
of  other  evangelical  churches  who  are  to  marry  regularly 
appointed  members  of  our  own  Missions,  the  Board  prefers 
to  adhere  to  the  policy  of  making  regular  appointments  for 
permanent  missionary  service  from  persons  who  are  in  the 
United  States  in  order  that  the  Board  may  have  the  same 
free  opportunity  to  form  an  independent  judgment  on  the 
basis  of  its  own  investigation  and  conference  that  it  has  in 
dealing  with  the  applications  of  other  candidates.  When  a 
candidate  is  or  has  been  on  the  foreign  field  the  Board  invari¬ 
ably  requires  the  opinion  of  the  Mission  where  the  candidate 
is  known,  but  the  Board  deems  it  inadvisable  that  this  opinion 
should  be  influenced  by  the  pressure  of  local  and  temporary 


14 


need  or  of  personal  relations  with  one  who  is  on  the  field 
Therefore,  save  in  rare  and  exceptional  circumstances,  any 
question  of  regular  appointment  of  a  person  resident  on  the 
field  as  a  member  of  a  Mission  should  be  deferred  till  the 
candidate  has  returned  to  America  when  the  Board  will,  if 
desired  by  the  Mission,  consider  the  question  on  its  merits  in 
the  usual  way.  If  there  are  questions  regarding  the  term  of 
service,  furlough  or  salary  adjustment,  recommendations  con¬ 
cerning  such  adjustments  should  be  made  by  the  Mission  prior 
to  appointment  by  the  Board. 

If  unexpected  death,  resignation  or  ill-health  of  a  missionary 
creates  an  emergency  in  important  work  for  which  some  imme¬ 
diate  provision  should  be  made,  and  if,  in  the  judgment  of  the 
Mission,  a  suitable  person  is  available  on  the  field,  the  Board 
will  consider  a  request  to  provide,  if  available  funds  permit, 
a  financial  grant  to  enable  the  Mission  to  employ  such  person 
for  temporary  assistance  for  such  period  as  may  be  necessary. 
This  statement  should  not  be  considered  applicable  to  ordinary 
furlough  absences.  The  Board  appreciates  the  serious  inter¬ 
ruption  of  the  work  which  they  involve;  but  in  view  of  the 
large  number  of  annual  furloughs  and  the  limited  funds  that 
are  available,  it  would  be  quite  impracticable  to  adopt  the 
policy  of  making  special  appropriations  for  furlough  substitutes. 

Missionaries  From  Other  Denominations 

18.  Missionaries  of  other  denominations  who  seek  appoint¬ 
ment  by  the  Board  shall  present  with  their  applications  testi¬ 
monials  and  letters  of  clearance  from  the  Board  of  the 
denomination  with  which  they  have  been  connected. 

D.  CANDIDATES  AFTER  APPOINTMENT 

Special  Study  of  Designated  Field 

19.  New  missionaries,  immediately  after  their  assignment, 
should  study  the  history  and  religious,  social,  educational 
and  other  conditions  of  the  field  to  which  they  are  appointed. 

15 


Conference  With  Out-going  Missionaries 

20.  A  conference  for  new  missionaries  is  held  annually  in 
June,  in  New  York,  and,  unless  specially  excused,  all  new 
missionaries  under  appointment  are  expected  to  attend  it.  The 
Board  regards  this  Conference  as  essential  in  order  that  new 
missionaries  may  be  advised  regarding  policies  and  methods 
of  missionary  work,  and  in  order  also  that  personal  relations 
of  fellowship  and  mutual  interest  may  be  established  between 
the  Board  and  the  missionaries.  Detailed  information  will 
be  sent  by  the  Candidate  Department  on  appointment.  If  a 
new  missionary,  with  the  approval  of  the  Board,  sails  for  the 
field  prior  to  the  June  Conference,  the  Board,  although  with¬ 
out  commitment,  will  consider  providing  for  his  or  her  attend¬ 
ance  at  the  Conference  during  the  first  furlough.  The  Board 
pays  necessary  expenses  for  travel  and  entertainment  of  regu¬ 
larly  appointed  missionaries,  except  that  the  travel  expense 
of  wives  and  fiancees  residing  west  of  the  Mississippi  River 
are  paid  only  east  of  a  Mississippi  River  point.  The  Board 
does  not  pay  traveling  expenses  to  the  Conference  of  special 
term  or  furloughed  missionaries,  but  is  glad  to  have  them  attend 
if  they  can  pay  their  own  traveling  expenses  in  which  case 
the  Board  will  provide  entertainment  at  the  Conference. 

Designation  of  Field  and  Specialization 

21.  Designation  of  field  is  usually  made  at  the  time  of 
appointment  but  is  sometimes  subsequent  to  it.  Preference 
of  a  candidate  for  a  particular  field  is  always  considered,  but 
cannot  invariably  be  determinative  since  the  Board  must  give 
due  consideration  to  a  proper  distribution  of  available  re¬ 
enforcements,  the  relative  needs  of  the  various  Missions  and 
the  adaptations  of  candidates  to  the  places  then  calling  for 
reenforcements.  Candidates,  however,  will  not  be  assigned 
to  fields  other  than  their  choice  without  their  consent.  So  far 
as  practicable,  care  is  taken  to  assign  persons  to  the  field  for 
which  they  seem  to  be  best  fitted,  and  where  they  will  be 


16 


likely  to  accomplish  most  in  the  service  of  Christ.  Assignment 
is  to  a  Mission,  save  in  exceptional  cases  where  a  station  or 
institution  or  other  specific  work  is  designated.  But  in  all 
cases  new  missionaries  are  under  the  control  of  the  Mission 
of  which  they  are  members  (Cf.  Article  32  sq.) 

To  reach  the  highest  degree  of  efficiency  specialization  is 
highly  desirable,  and  a  missionary  will  ordinarily  be  assigned 
to  the  kind  of  work  to  which  he  has  been  appointed  and  for 
which  he  has  prepared,  unless  emergencies  shall  require  tem¬ 
porary  assignment  to  other  work,  or  in  case  the  Mission  shall 
find,  after  a  reasonable  period  of  observation  on  the  field, 
that  the  new  missionary  is  better  fitted  or  more  needed  for 
some  other  work. 

Special  Term  Appointments 

22,  While  appointment  should  ordinarily  contemplate  service 
for  life,  and  preference  will  be  given  to  such  candidates,  ap¬ 
pointments  for  limited  periods  may  be  made  of  unmarried 
persons  who,  while  desirous  of  serving  the  Master  in  the 
foreign  field,  are  not  yet  able  to  enlist  for  life.  They  are  not 
voting  members  of  the  Mission  but  work  under  its  direction 
or  that  of  the  institution  with  which  they  are  connected. 
Study  of  the  native  language  is  not  required  but  is  frequently 
desirable. 

Ca)  The  number  of  short  term  teachers  should  be  kept  in 
due  proportion  to  the  number  of  regularly  appointed  mission¬ 
aries  who  should  always  form  a  large  majority  of  the  total 
number  sent  out;  other  things  being  equal,  the  preference 
being  given  to  candidates  for  regular  appointment. 

(b)  Except  for  a  few  individual  institutions  which  have 
their  own  rules,  when  the  contract  is  five  years,  the  Board  or 
institution  will  pay  necessary  traveling  expenses  both  ways 
and  the  authorized  field  salary  for  first  term  missionaries. 
When  the  contract  period  is  three  years,  traveling  expenses 
are  paid  one  way  or,  if  both  ways,  the  Board  will  expect  an 


17 


equivalent  reduction  in  salary.  For  contract  periods  of  less 
than  three  years,  no  travel  will  be  paid  by  the  Board,  and 
field  salary  will  ordinarily  be  provided  by  the  Candidate  or  by 
the  institution  concerned. 

(c)  Outfit  and  freight  allowances  are  not  paid  to  short  term 
teachers  but  only  to  missionaries  under  permanent  appoint¬ 
ment. 

(d)  Appointments  will  be  limited  to  unmarried  missionaries 
as  the  Board  cannot  undertake  to  provide  travel,  salary  and 
house  accommodations  for  families  of  short  term  teachers. 

(e)  Candidates  should  be  persons  of  some  maturity  of 
Christian  character  and  experience  as  teachers,  or  young  people 
whose  motives  and  other  qualifications  are  such  as  to  justify 
expectation  of  helpful  service  in  a  missionary  institution  and 
the  hope  that  they  may  become  available  later  for  regular 
appointment. 

(f)  Where  the  Board  is  expected  to  pay  traveling  expenses, 
the  requests  from  the  field  must  be  high  enough  in  the  annual 
lists  of  desired  reinforcements  to  bring  them  within  the  total 
number  that  can  be  sent  to  a  given  Mission  or  country  in  a 
given  year,  inasmuch  as  the  payment  that  the  Board  makes 
must  be  a  charge  upon  the  fund  set  apart  for  reinforcements. 

E.  JUNIOR  MISSIONARIES 

Committee  of  Guidance  on  the  Field 

23.  Each  Mission  shall  appoint  a  Committee  of  guidance 
of  the  studies  and  other  activities  of  its  junior  missionaries 
during  the  first  term  so  as 

(a)  To  give  each  one  the  benefit  of  the  frequent  counsel 
of  those  of  mature  missionary  experiences  regarding  adaptation 
to  climate,  questions  of  social  customs,  courses  of  reading,  etc.; 

(b)  To  enable  and  encourage  the  young  missionary  to 
find  the  task  for  which  he  is  best  fitted; 

(c)  To  enable  the  Mission  and  the  young  missionary  to 
reach  a  common  conviction  concerning  the  specific  plans  for 


18 


postgraduate  study  which  should  be  carried  out  during  the 
first  furlough. 

Language  School  and  Study  on  the  Field 

24.  A  mastery  of  the  language  or  dialect  in  which  a  mission¬ 
ary  is  to  labor  is  an  indispensable  qualification  for  permanent 
missionary  service. 

Exception  to  this  rule  is  made  by  definite  action  of  the 
Mission  and  Board  only  in  rare  cases  and  where  the  special 
service  to  which  a  missionary  is  assigned  is  rendered  in  English. 
Even  such  missionaries  can  increase  the  efficiency  of  their 
general  service  by  a  knowdedge  of  the  language. 

After  reaching  the  field,  unless  excused  by  Mission  action, 
new  missionaries  should  spend  their  first  year  in  language 
study,  in  a  language  school  if  possible,  and  the  second  year 
in  the  study  of  the  language  at  the  Station  to  which  they  are 
assigned.  Except  in  rare  cases,  and  by  special  action,  nothing 
should  be  allowed  to  interfere  with  the  securing  of  a  good 
working  knowledge  of  the  language,  and  the  Board  urges 
that  the  requirements  concerning  this  matter  in  the  Manual 
be  carefully  followed. 

Each  Mission  is  required,  through  the  faculties  of  the 
language  schools  or  through  competent  Mission  committees, 
to  examine  all  new  missionaries  at  the  close  of  the  first,  second 
and  third  years  of  their  service,  and  at  such  other  times  as  the 
Mission  may  deem  wise,  as  to  their  knowledge  of  the  native 
tongue. 

The  Board  expects  each  Mission  strictly  to  enforce  these 
articles  of  the  Manual  and,  in  reporting  to  the  Board  on  each 
missionary  toward  the  close  of  the  first  term  of  service,  to 
state  the  degree  of  proficiency  that  has  been  attained  in  lan¬ 
guage  study,  and,  in  particular,  whether  the  required  language 
examinations  for  the  three  years’  course  have  been  satisfactorily 
passed.  The  Board  will  cooperate  with  the  Mission  in  en¬ 
forcing  the  rule  and  it  will  take  the  report  in  question  into 


19 


consideration  as  an  important  factor  in  determining  whether 
missionaries  should  be  sent  back  to  the  field  after  their  first 
furlough. 

Language  Committee 

25.  Each  Mission  should  appoint  a  Language  Committee 
as  one  of  its  permanent  committees.  It  should  be  the  duty  of 
the  Committee  to: 

(a)  Determine  which  language  a  new  missionary  should 
study; 

(b)  Prescribe  courses  of  study  in  conjunction  with  the 
faculty  of  the  language  school  in  its  locality; 

(c)  Guide  all  new  missionaries  in  their  study; 

(d)  Conduct  the  examinations  referred  to  above. 

Personal  teachers  shall  be  provided  for  all  new  missionaries 
for  study  after  leaving  the  language  school,  for  such  time  as 
may  be  determined  to  be  necessary  by  the  Language  Com¬ 
mittee,  not  exceeding  five  years  of  actual  language  study  unless 
by  special  authority  of  the  Board. 

Length  of  First  Term  of  Service 

26.  The  duration  of  the  first  term  of  service  on  the  field 
is  five  years,  except  in  certain  fields  for  which  other  terms 
are  authorized.  (Cf.  Article  82.) 

Study  During  First  Furlough 

27.  Continued  preparation  on  the  first  furlough  shall  be  the 
general  rule  for  young  missionaries. 

Committee  on  Guidance  During  Furloughs 

28.  Inasmuch  as  the  first  furlough  is  considered  a  part  of 
a  missionary’s  preparation,  and  should,  therefore,  be  devoted 
primarih'-  to  study,  a  special  committee  of  the  Board  will 
supervise  the  study  of  such  missionaries.  In  the  case  of  sub¬ 
sequent  furloughs  this  Committee  shall  be  expected  to  give 
such  advice  as  may  be  asked  of  it  regarding  furlough  study. 


20 


(a)  Natur'e  of  Study:  The  Board  expects  that  bona  fide 
graduate  study  will  be  undertaken,  in  branches  best  calculated 
to  prepare  the  missionary  for  the  work  he  is  to  do  on  the  field. 

Well  in  advance  of  the  furlough,  there  should  be  careful 
consultation  with  the  Mission,  or  its  appropriate  Committee, 
regarding  the  courses  to  be  taken, — the  result  to  be  com¬ 
municated  promptly  to  the  Board’s  Furlough  Study  Com¬ 
mittee.  The  missionary  will  consult  with  the  Board’s  Com¬ 
mittee  before  deciding  finally  upon  courses  or  the  place  of 
study. 

(b)  Amount  of  Study:  At  least  two-thirds  of  the  furlough 
time,  or  eight  months  out  of  the  twelve,  are  to  be  given  to 
bona  fide  study,  otherwise  the  furlough  is  shorter. 

(c)  Place  of  Study:  This  is  to  be  determined  only  after 
consultation  with  the  Board’s  Furlough  Study  Committee.  If 
the  Board  is  to  meet  travel  expense,  the  institution  should 
be  near  the  missionary’s  home  in  order  to  reduce  cost  to  a 
minimum.  However,  highest  efficiency  is  not  to  be  unduly 
sacrificed. 

The  Board  will,  if  requested,  pa}'^  travel  expense  either  to 
the  home  of  the  missionary  or  the  place  of  study  approved  by 
the  Board,  whichever  is  farther  from  his  field.  (Cf.  Art.  77.) 

(d)  Financial  Aid:  Where  necessary  and  in  order  to  cover 
additional  expenses  of  books  and  tuition,  the  Board  may  make 
a  grant  not  exceeding  $200  in  the  case  of  first  furloughs  and 
$150  in  subsequent  furloughs;  the  missionary  may  apply  to  the 
Furlough  Study  Committee  for  this  grant.  The  obligation 
to  give  eight  months  of  the  first  furlough  to  actual  study  holds, 
whether  this  grant  is  drawn  upon  or  not.  If  the  first  furlough 
is  not  devoted  to  study  for  further  preparation  under  the 
direction  of  the  Mission  and  the  Board,  the  regular  furlough 
rules  as  to  length  of  furlough  shall  apply.  (Article  82b.) 

(e)  Furlough  Extension:  Ordinarily  the  furlough  cannot  be 
extended  on  account  of  study.  Where  it  is  impossible  to  com¬ 
plete  the  required  eight  months  of  study  during  regular  fall, 


No.  5 


winter  and  spring  terms,  a  course  in  Summer  School  should 
be  taken. 

When  credit  in  the  form  of  a  Master’s  or  Doctor’s  degree 
is  sought,  the  regular  first  term  furlough  should  be  arranged 
by  the  Mission  before  the  missionary  leaves  the  field  so  as  to 
include  the  necessary  study.  Only  when  the  Board,  on  recom¬ 
mendation  of  the  Mission,  regards  a  degree  as  indispensable  to 
the  missionary’s  highest  usefulness  may  a  brief  extension  of 
furlough  be  granted  without  allowances. 

(f)  Public  Speaking:  The  missionary  on  this  first  furlough 
is  here  primarily  for  study.  On  the  other  hand  it  is  de¬ 
sirable  both  for  the  sake  of  the  missionary  and  for  the 
sake  of  the  work,  that  he  should  come  in  as  close  contact 
as  possible  with  the  life  of  the  home  Church,  and  that 
the  home  Church  should  know  him  in  order  to  follow  him 
the  better  with  its  interest  and  prayers.  Accordingly, 
at  least  one  month  of  the  furlough  should  be  reserved  for  a 
possible  visit  to  supporters  and  for  such  campaign  work  in  the 
home  Church  under  the  direction  of  the  Home  Base  Depart¬ 
ment  of  the  Board  as  may  be  possible. 

F.  WITHDRAWALS  FROM  THE  SERVICE 

29.  If  a  missionary  shall  retire  from  relationship  with  the 
Board  for  any  cause  other  than  failure  of  health,  before  com¬ 
pleting  the  normal  term  of  service  in  his  Mission,  the  total 
expense  for  out-going  and  home-coming  travel  (plus  any  outfit 
allowance  for  that  term)  shall  be  pro  rated  between  the 
Board  and  the  missionary;  i.  e.,  the  Board  will  provide  such 
proportion  of  the  cost  of  round  trip  travel  (and  outfit)  as  the 
time  spent  during  that  term  in  field  service  bears  to  the 
shortest  regular  term  in  that  field,  and  the  missionary  shall 
provide  the  remainder.  If,  under  special  Board  authorization, 
a  field  treasurer  advances  Board  funds  to  help  a  missionary 
to  meet  his  own  share  of  such  travel  expense,  the  missionarj' 

7 1 


t 


shall  give  him  a  signed  promise  to  reimburse  the  Board  upon 
the  above  basis  ordinarily  within  one  year. 

If  a  missionary,  prior  to  having  completed  one-half  of  the 
shortest  regular  term  of  service  m  his  field,  shall  withdraw 
from  the  Board  and  remain  on  the  field,  the  Board  shall  be 
proportionately  reimbursed  on  account  of  outgo  travel  (and 
outfit  allowance)  for  that  term. 

In  all  cases  of  withdrawal  for  any  reason  notice  should  be 
sent  to  the  Mission  and  the  Board  before  informing  friends 
and  supporters  in  the  home  Church.  The  Board  will  notify 
supporters  and  make  any  financial  adjustment  with  them. 

The  Board’s  grant  for  travel  shall  be  available  only  when 
the  departure  from  the  field  is  within  the  time  limit  set  by 
the  Board,  not  exceeding  six  months  from  the  Board’s  accept¬ 
ance  of  the  resignation. 

The  furlough  and  home  allowance  have  always  been  under¬ 
stood  as  “looking  both  ways;’’  i.  e.,  the  first  part  relates  to 
field  service  already  rendered,  and  the  latter  anticipates  further 
field  service  after  furlough.  If  a  missionary  on  furlough  does 
not  return  to  the  field  for  reasons  other  than  ill-health,  a  re¬ 
tiring  allowance  will  be  made  equivalent  to  a  home  allowance 
for  such  period  as  may  be  equitable,  not  exceeding 
one-half  of  the  furlough  period  reckoned  from  the  date  of 
arrival,  any  over  payment  to  be  returned  to  the  Board.  The 
Board  should  be  advised  as  early  in  the  furlough  as  possible 
regarding  any  serious  doubts  which  a  missionary  may  have 
about  continuance  in  service. 

The  question  of  filling  vacancies  caused  by  death  or  with¬ 
drawal  will  be  considered  on  the  basis  of  their  relative  import¬ 
ance  as  compared  with  other  reenforcement  needs.  The 
financial  support  of  a  deceased  or  resigned  missionary  is  seldom 
available  for  a  successor;  donors  often  choose  another  object. 
Moreover,  all  appointments  must  be  financed  from  the  sum 
set  apart  in  Class  III  of  the  regular  appropriations  for  the 
year  in  which  the  new  missionaries  go  to  the  field.  This 

id 


fund  provides  for  a  certain  number  of  new  missionaries,  in¬ 
cluding  those  who  are  to  fill  vacancies.  New  missionaries 
that  are  desired  to  fill  vacancies  should  therefore  be  placed 
in  the  preferred  lists  of  requests  for  reenforcements  in  such 
order  of  precedence  as  the  Mission  may  adjudge  proper  as  com¬ 
pared  with  other  desired  new  missionaries. 

30.  The  Board  reserves  the  right  to  recall  missionaries  or 
revoke  their  appointment.  If  requested  in  writing  by  the  mis¬ 
sionary  concerned,  the  reasons  are  to  be  of  record  and  may 
be  submitted  to  the  General  Assembly  with  the  minutes  of 
the  Board. 

MISSIONS  VOTING  ON  THE  RETURN  OF  MISSION¬ 
ARIES  TO  THE  FIELD 

31.  The  Missions  shall  report  to  the  Board  in  advance 
of  the  first  furlough  of  each  missionary,  regarding  his  or 
her  competency  for  further  service,  any  deficiencies  in  train¬ 
ing  which  might  be  remedied,  such  special  abilities  as  are 
worthy  of  cultivation,  and  the  particular  type  of  service  for 
which  the  missionary  seems  peculiarly  fitted.  Any  decision 
adverse  to  further  service  should  be  made  known  to  the 
missionary  concerned  in  ample  time  before  leaving  for  fur¬ 
lough  and  full  opportunity  given  for  explanation  and 
consultation. 

(a)  The  object  of  such  action  by  a  Mission  is  the  highest 
welfare  of  the  work  and  a  Mission  should  act  in  the  most 
conscientious  as  well  as  kindly  way. 

(b)  Only  missionaries  that  have  been  in  the  service  at  least 
three  years  should  vote  on  this  question.  If  this  would  limit 
the  qualified  voters  to  a  minority  of  the  Mission  the  qualifying 
period  should  be  reduced  until  a  majority  of  the  members 
of  the  Mission  could  vote. 

(c)  Whatever  method  of  voting  is  used,  a  return  to  the  field 
is  justified  only  if  a  majority  of  all  the  missionaries  qualified 
to  vote  definitely  express  themselves  in  favor  of  such  return. 


24 


(d)  In  all  cases,  final  decision  rests  with  the  Board. 

(e)  The  Board  suggests  some  such  method  of  action  as 
the  following: 

The  Mission’s  Executive  Committee  shall  vote  upon  the 
return  to  the  field  of  each  missionary  about  to  go  on  furlough. 
If  the  Committee  be  unanimous  for  or  against  the  return  of 
a  missionary,  such  action  might  be  accepted  as  conclusive  if 
a  Mission  had  so  previously  empowered  its  Executive  Com¬ 
mittee.  If  unanimity  is  lacking,  or  if  a  Mission  desires  to  act 
itself  on  each  case,  the  Committee  shall  make  recommenda¬ 
tion  to  the  Mission  and  shall  secure  (a)  a  circular  ballot  from 
each  voting  member,  or  (b)  a  vote  at  Mission  meeting.  In 
the  case  of  subsequent  furloughs,  if  the  Mission  does  not 
contemplate  the  return  of  a  missionary  to  the  field,  this  fact 
should  be  made  known  to  him  officially  several  months,  if 
possible,  before  leaving  for  furlough;  otherwise  the  Board 
may  assume  that  the  Mission  desires  his  return. 


25 


ADMINISTRATION  AND  ORGAN- 
IZATION 

Action  of  the  General  Assembly,  1922 

A  CONSTITUTION  OF  THE  MISSION 

32.  “In  general  a  Mission  consists  of  all  foreign  mission¬ 
aries  under  appointment  by  the  Board  within  specified  terri¬ 
torial  limits.  No  missionary  shall  have  a  right  to  vote  until 
after  at  least  one  year’s  service  in  connection  with  the  Mission 
and  until  he  or  she  shall  have  passed  the  language  examina¬ 
tions  appointed  for  the  first  year  (Manual,  Article  24)  and  shall 
have  been  assigned  to  definite  work.  The  married  women 
missionaries  are  subject  to  the  provisions  of  Article  24  of  the 
Manual.” 


B.  POWERS  OF  THE  MISSION 

33.  “The  Mission  has  the  general  care  and  supervision  of 
all  work  within  its  limits.  In  all  field  matters  it  has  the  right 
of  initiative.  The  Board  may  also  exercise  the  right  of  initia¬ 
tive  in  conference  and  agreement  with  the  Mission.  All 
questions  of  Mission  policy  and  method,  and  of  expenditure 
within  the  budget  of  the  Board  for  the  Mission,  are  subject 
to  the  decision  of  the  Mission,  but  the  right  is  reserved  to 
the  Board  of  supervisory  action  and  authority  where  any 
problems  involve  relations  with  other  Boards  and  denomina¬ 
tions,  or  relations  and  interests  wider  than  those  of  any  par¬ 
ticular  field,  and  where  fundamental  questions  of  mission 
policy  affecting  other  Missions  or  the  relation  of  Missions 
and  Governments  are  concerned. 

“In  the  exercise  of  such  supervisory  authority,  however,  it 
is  the  policy  of  the  Board  not  to  engage  in  new  union  work 
within  the  territory  of  any  Mission  if  such  work  is  against 


26 


the  judgment  of  the  Mission,  unless  directed  to  do  so  by  the 
General  Assembly. 

“Among-  the  matters  recognized  as  distinctly  within  the 
functions  and  powers  of  the  Mission  are  the  following: 

(a)  The  assignment  and  supervision  of  the  work  of  indi¬ 
vidual  missionaries. 

(b)  Liberty  of  transfer  from  one  object  to  another  of 
appropriations  for  the  conduct  of  native  work  on  the  field. 

(c)  Distribution  of  undesignated  grants. 

(d)  Determination  of  all  regular  and  emergency  furloughs 
in  accordance  with  the  regulations  of  the  Board  on  Terms 
of  Service  and  Furlough. 

(e)  Organization  of  the  Alission  and  determination  of  the 
powers  and  duties  of  its  various  committees. 

(f)  Special  rights  delegated  to  Councils,  as  in  China  and 
India. 

(g)  Use  in  the  work  of  funds  earned  by  members  of  the 
Mission.  (Cf.  Article  74.) 

(h)  Use  in  the  work  of  money  accruing  from  the  rental 
of  property  on  the  field.  (Cf.  Articles  51  and  58.) 

“All  requests  requiring  the  action  of  the  Board  should  be 
accompanied  by  the  action  of  the  Mission  upon  them.  Tours 
of  exploration  or  any  unusual  work  should  be  undertaken  only 
with  the  advice  of  the  Mission. 

“The  successful  application  of  the  principle  of  self-govern¬ 
ment  on  the  field  in  harmony  with  the  Board’s  responsibility 
to  the  General  Assembly  for  the  whole  Foreign  Missionary 
enterprise  of  the  Church  requires  the  cordial  co-operation 
of  the  Board  and  the  Missions  and  the  exercise  in  the  highest 
degree  of  mutual  patience  and  forbearance,  so  that  the  work 
may  be  promoted  in  heartiest  agreement  and  unity.  If,  how¬ 
ever,  differences  arise  between  the  Board  and  a  Mission  which 
cannot  be  adjusted  satisfactorily  by  conference,  appeal  may 
be  made  to  the  General  Assembly.  Mission  minorities  and 
individual  missionaries  also  have  the  right  of  appeal  in  all 


27 


matters  of  their  concern.  Rut  the  right  of  appeal  should  not 
he  resorted  to  except  for  grave  reasons,  and  the  controversial 
spirit  should  be  guarded  against  as  injurious  to  the  work 
and  contrary  to  the  true  spirit  of  Christ.” 

C.  GENERAL  POLICY 

34.  The  home  Church  and  field  force  should  be  steadily 
held  to  consideration  of  the  whole  task  and  the  full  objective 
set  forth  in  Article  I  of  this  Manual. 

Each  Mission  should  take  steps  to  secure  such  contact  of 
all  its  workers  with  various  forms  of  evangelistic  work  to 
keep  them  sensitive  to  its  essential  place  in  the  total 
enterprise,  and  should  make  definite  inquiry  as  to  the  relation 
of  its  entire  program  to  the  defined  objective. 

The  objective  of  immediate  advance  should  be  in  those 
forms  of  work  which  are  directed  toward  a  more  adequate 
native  leadership.  Institutions,  agencies  and  activities  which 
develop  such  leadership  should  be  established  or  strength¬ 
ened  immediately  and  primarily.  The  general  principles  should 
be  applied  according  to  conditions  that  obtain  in  particular 
fields. 

Due  consideration  in  plans  for  expansion  should  be  given 
to  those  lands  or  areas  for  which  our  own  Church  is  chiefly  or 
wholly  responsible;  which  occupy  strategic  points  for  world 
witness;  and  in  which  emergency  opportunities  exist. 

Subject  to  manifest  Providence,  our  widely  extended  existing 
work  should  be  strengthened  rather  than  new  work  under¬ 
taken.  with  the  expectation  that  from  the  central  points  wide 
and  constant  itineration  will  be  undertaken. 

Survey 

35.  (a)  At  least  once  in  five  years  each  Mission  shall 
appoint  a  committee  to  make  a  thorough  survey  of  its  work 
in  all  departments,  to  assure  itself  and  the  Board  that  the 
resources  of  the  Mission  are  being  used  to  the  best  advantage, 
a  sufficient  sum  of  money  for  this  purpose  to  be  included  in 
Class  VI. 


28 


(b)  The  Board  expects  that  such  frequent  and  thorough 
supervision  of  the  work  shall  be  exercised  by  each  Mission 
as  will  secure  to  it  knowledge  of  its  progress  in  the  execution 
of  the  policy  and  regular  expansion  to  meet  new  situations. 
This  survey  and  policy  may  be  made  and  executed  by  field 
Councils  decisions  where  such  organizations  exist,  and  wherever 
possible  the  survey  should  be  made  by  personal  visitation  rather 
than  by  written  questionnaire.  In  cases  where  union  work 
is  involved,  or  where  fields  of  other  churches  overlap,  the  survey 
should  be  made  in  cooperation  with  other  denominations.  If 
deemed  advisable,  the  Board  will  consider  the  possibility  of 
supplying  to  each  Mission  one  or  more  workers  from  other 
fields  to  assist  in  the  survey  and  in  the  discussion  of  the 
proposed  policy. 

36.  The  Board  plans  that  each  Mission  shall  be  visited 
by  an  officer  of  the  Board  at  least  once  in  seven  years. 

Station 

37.  A  Station  is  a  place  where  missionaries  reside  and 
from  which  organized  work  extends  throughout  an  adjacent 
area  within  limits  prescribed  by  the  Mission.  The  personnel 
of  the  Station  consists  of  all  the  regular  missionaries  appointed 
by  the  Board  and  located  within  the  limits  of  the  Station. 
The  Mission  determines  what  missionaries  shall  be  voting 
members  of  a  Station  in  conformity  with  the  principles  of 
Article  32.  Each  Station  shall  have  control  of  the  missionary 
work  within  its  field,  under  the  direction  of  the  Mission.  Sta¬ 
tions  can  be  established  or  discontinued  only  by  action  of  the 
Board  after  consultation  with  the  Mission  concerned.  The 
force  assigned  to  a  Station  should,  if  possible,  include  at 
least  one  missionary  of  experience. 

D.  ORGANIZATION 
Essential  Principles 

38.  The  important  duties  of  a  Mission  demand  that  its  field 
organization  be  properly  defined  and  coordinated  and  that  its 


No.  6 


29 


field  administration  be  wise  and  efficient;  this  responsibility 
rests  upon  the  Mission  and  should  be  faithfully  fulfilled.  The 
best  form  of  Mission  organization  includes  in  the  largest 
practicable  measure  the  following  features: 

(a)  Participation  either  directly  or  by  delegation  on  the 
part  of  all  who  are  properly  qualified.  (Cf.  Article  32.) 

(b)  Departmentalization,  covering  the  larger  phases  of 
Mission  interests. 

(c)  An  Executive  Committee. 

Mission  Policy  and  By-Laws 

39.  Each  Mission  may  adopt  such  by-laws  and  rules  for 
the  conduct  of  its  business  as  may  seem  wise  and  consistent 
with  the  policies  and  methods  of  the  Board.  It  should  elect 
its  own  officers,  whose  powers  in  general  are  those  exercised 
in  similar  organizations. 

Each  Mission  should 

(a)  Have  a  clearly  defined  policy. 

(b)  Make  provision,  through  conferences,  surveys  and 
reports,  to  familiarize  all  members  with  the  Mission  policy 
and  to  acquaint  the  Mission  as  to  the  extent  to  which  its 
policies  are  being  carried  out. 

(c)  Have  adequate  supervision  by  properly  constituted 
authorities. 

Annual  Meetings  of  the  Mission 

40.  The  Mission  should  meet  at  least  once  a  year  and  be 
governed  by  the  usual  rules  of  our  Church  judicatories,  so  far 
as  applicable.  It  should  keep  regular  minutes  of  its  pro¬ 
ceedings,  copies  of  which  are  to  be  sent  to  the  Board  soon 
after  each  meeting  with  indications  of  actions  requiring  Board 
decisions.  Covering  letters  should  deal  with  important  matters. 
On  questions  involving  requests  for  appropriations,  the  ex¬ 
penditure  of  funds  and  the  location,  transfer  or  retirement 
of  missionaries,  a  two-thirds  vote  shall  be  required.  In  all 
other  cases,  unless  covered  by  special  rule,  a  majority  shall 


30 


decide.  Traveling  expenses  to  Mission  meetings  shall  be  met 
(unless  under  peculiar  circumstances)  only  for  those  who 
are  voting  members  and  those  who  have  not  completed  their 
first  year  of  service. 

Executive  Committee  and  Powers 

41.  For  the  careful,  continuous  and  well  balanced  organiza¬ 
tion  and  conduct  of  a  complex  and  difficult  work,  each  Mission 
shall  appoint  an  Executive  Committee  of  limited  size  which 

(a)  Shall  be  representative  and  responsible  with  ample 
authority  to  coordinate,  supervise  and  promote  the  policy  and 
program  of  the  Mission  and  the  activities  of  missionaries 
individually  and  collectively;  should  be  of  such  personnel,  size 
and  representative  nature  as  will  result  in  the  fullest  confidence 
of  the  Mission  and  the  highest  efficiency  of  the  work; 
should  possess  all  the  power  essential  for  efficient  administra¬ 
tive  and  executive  authority.  Harmonious  teamwork  is  indis¬ 
pensable  and  the  Executive  Committee  should  effect  it. 

(b)  Should  have,  preferably  for  full  time  service  in  the 
larger  Missions,  an  Executive  Chairman  or  Secretary  assigned 
to  general  supervisory  and  administrative  duties,  his  election 
to  be  subject  to  confirmation  by  the  Board.  Such  officer 
should  conduct  the  official  correspondence  of  the  Mission  and 
its  Executive  Committee  with  the  Board; 

(c)  Should  meet  as  frequently  as  the  interests  and  progress 
of  the  work  demand; 

(d)  Should  give  prompt  publicity  to  its  actions,  with  such 
provision  as  the  Mission  may  deem  necessary  for  reconsidera¬ 
tion  after  protest. 

Secretaries,  Mission  and  Station 

42.  Each  Mission  and  each  Station  shall  choose  a  Secretary, 
to  be  changed  as  seldom  as  possible,  the  names  to  be  reported 
to  the  Board,  whose  duties  shall  be  to  receive  and  keep  files 
of  all  official  correspondence;  to  receive  and  distribute  all 
report  forms  and  see  that  they  are,  in  proper  form  and  season. 


31 


returned  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Board;  to  see  that  all  com¬ 
munications  addressed  to  the  Mission  and  Station  have  proper 
reply;  to  forward  the  statements  called  for  in  Article  40; 
to  make  special  effort  to  see  that  all  official  letters 
from  the  Board  sent  to  the  Mission  are  seen  by  each  missionary; 
and  to  perform  such  other  functions  as  shall  be  assigned  by 
the  Mission  or  Stations. 

The  Secretary  of  the  Mission  may  also  be  Secretary  of  the 
Executive  Committee,  the  election  in  any  case  to  be  reported 
to  the  Board  and  to  be  subject  to  its  approval.  (Cf.  Article  41.) 

Treasurers,  Mission  and  Station 

43.  Mission  and  Station  Treasurers  should  be  appointed  in 
accordance  with  Articles  49  and  SO. 

Committees 

44.  Each  Mission  should  appoint  the  following  permanent 
committees  and  such  other  permanent  and  occasional  com¬ 
mittees  as  may  be  needed: 

(a)  Executive  Committee 

(b)  Property  Committee 

(c)  Language  Committee 

(d)  Auditing  Committee 

(e)  Committee  on  Guidance  of  New  Missionaries 

Field  Councils 

45.  In  countries  or  regions  where  several  Missions  have 
kindred  problems,  the  formation  is  recommended  of  a  Field 
Council  whose  Chainman  or  Secretary  (in  certain  cases  both) 
with  adequate  office  staff  should  be  released  from  rela¬ 
tion  to  a  particular  Mission  in  order  to  enable  him  to  give 
himself  wholly  to  field  supervision  and  counsel. 

As  it  is  the  definite  policy  of  the  Board,  in  so  far  as  com¬ 
patible  with  its  charter  and  its  responsibility  to  the  General 


32 


Assembly  and  to  donors,  to  allow  the  greatest  possible  degree 
of  self-government  to  the  Missions  through  the  regularly 
constituted  Mission  bodies,  in  countries  where  a  Field  Council 
exists  the  Board  will  delegate  to  such  a  Council  all  practicable 
routine  and  administrative  matters  with  such  a  degree  of 
finality  as  to  relieve  the  Board  Secretaries  at  the  home  base 
and  to  secure  prompt  decision  on  the  field. 

In  view  of  the  divergent  interests  among  the  fields,  the 
determination  of  matters  to  be  delegated  resides  with  the  Board 
in  conference  with  the  field  concerned. 

In  addition  to  such  powers  as  may  otherwise  be  delegated 
to  a  Council  are  the  following: 

(a)  Distribution  of  undesignated  funds  between  the  con¬ 
stituent  Missions. 

(b)  Use  of  such  sums  as  the  Board  may  place  in  its  hands 
for  emergency  matters. 

(c)  Employment  on  the  field  of  temporary  workers 

(foreign)  within  limit  of  appropriated  funds  (Mission  or 

Council). 

Field  Councils  and  their  constituent  Missions  in  conference 
with  the  Board  shall  make  necessary  rules  to  govern  their 
mutual  relations  and  responsibilities. 

Reports  and  Letters 

46.  (a)  Each  Station  shall  prepare  at  the  close  of  the 

Mission  year  reports,  both  statistical  and  general,  of  the 

various  departments  of  its  work,  and  submit  them  to  the 

Mission  at  the  annual  meeting.  Each  missionary  also  shall 
prepare  a  brief  report  of  his  or  her  labors  during  the  year,  to 
be  submitted  to  the  Mission.  All  these  reports  should  be 
reviewed  by  the  Mission  and  forwarded  without  delay  to  the 
Secretary  of  the  Board,  with  the  Mission’s  judgment  thereon. 

In  addition  to  the  station,  institutional  and  personal  reports, 
the  Mission  should  designate  one  of  its  members  to  prepare 
a  general  narrative  survey  of  its  whole  work  for  the  calendar 


year  in  such  form  that  it  can  be  made  the  basis  of  the  Board’s 
printed  annual  report  to  the  General  Assembly  and  the  home 
Church. 

Missions  may  close  their  statistical  year  at  such  time  as 
may  be  most  convenient  for  them,  having  in  mind  the  require¬ 
ment  of  the  Board  that  all  reports,  estimates  and  statistical 
information  must  reach  the  Board  not  later  than  February  first. 
Statistics  should  be  on  the  blanks  furnished  by  the  Board. 

Correspondence  with  Board  Secretaries  and  Treasurer 

(b)  It  is  desirable  that  individual  missionaries  and  Secre¬ 
taries  of  the  Board  should  correspond  fully,  frankly  and  fre¬ 
quently,  for  mutual  helpfulness  in  the  prosecution  of  the  work. 

Correspondence  pertaining  to  the  respective  departments 
of  the  Board  should  be  forwarded  on  separate  sheets  and 
ordinarily  under  separate  covers. 

The  correspondence  of  the  Mission  and  its  individual  mem¬ 
bers,  including  official  minutes,  estimates  and  requests  for 
reinforcements,  property,  furloughs,  appropriations,  furlough 
rent,  and  all  other  matters  requiring  action  by  the  Board, 
should  be  addressed  to  the  Board’s  Secretary  for  the  Mission. 
Thus  business  matters  will  be  handled  by  one  office  and  when 
necessary  referred  to  the  proper  departments. 

The  men  Executive  Secretaries  conduct  the  official  cor¬ 
respondence  with  the  field  Councils  and  the  Missions  in  a 
designated  area,  and  have  special  responsibility  for  men’s 
work,  including  institutions  for  men  and  boys,  and  the  personal 
correspondence  with  all  men  missionaries  in  such  area  or  areas. 

The  women  Executive  Secretaries  have  special  responsibility 
for  women’s  work  in  a  designated  area  or  areas,  including 
institutions  for  women  and  girls,  and  the  personal  correspond¬ 
ence  with  all  women  missionaries  in  such  area  or  areas. 
Later  adjustments  may  be  made  which  will  include  official 
correspondence  with  individual  missions. 

Correspondence  with  the  Treasurer’s  Office  should  be  on 


34 


separate  sheets,  according  to  the  following  rough  outline: 
(1)  travel,  (2)  purchase  and  shipment  of  goods,  (3)  adjustment 
of  accounts,  (4)  such  other  matters  as  relate  to  the  Treasury. 

(c)  All  requests  for  new  missionaries,  new  property  or 
for  funds  for  use  in  the  work  must  have  the  approval  of  the 
Mission  or  its  Exccnitivc  Committee,  and  Field  Council  where 
one  exists.  Rccpiests  unaccompanied  by  such  action  will 
be  referred  back  to  the  field  for  proper  consideration. 

Letters  for  Supporters 

(d)  Every  man  missionary  supported  by  a  church  or  group 
of  churches  or  by  Sunday  Schools,  is  expected  to  write  to 
his  supporters  at  least  three  times  a  year,  mailing  either  the 
original  or  carbon  copy  to  the  Bureau  of  Foreign  Information 
of  the  Board. 

(e)  Every  woman  missionary  is  assigned  for  correspondence 
to  a  woman  correspondent  in  the  District  to  which  she  is 
related.  This  correspondent  is  known  as  her  District  Foreign 
Correspondent.  Women  missionaries  are  expected  to  send  each 
j^ear  at  least  three  letters,  one  of  which  may  be  a  copy  of 
their  personal  report,  to  their  District  Foreign  Correspondent. 
These  letters  are  sent  by  the  District  Foreign  Correspondent 
to  the  Board  where  they  are  duplicated  and  one  copy  sent  to 
each  society  and  other  supporters  concerned. 

The  Publicity  Department  and  the  Department  for  Specific 
Work  depend  largely  upon  these  letters  for  information  that 
it  sends  out  through  many  channels.  Their  contents  are  used 
not  only  for  the  supporters  of  the  writers  and  the  supporters 
of  Station  work,  but  in  composite  Station  letters,  leaflets, 
“Women  and  Missions,”  and  other  forms  of  publicity. 
Importance  of  Correspondence 

(f)  The  Board  impresses  upon  both  men  and  women  the 
urgent  necessity  of  faithfully  sending  letters  of  vital  interest 
in  order  that  supporters  of  specific  work,  whether  of  mission¬ 
aries  or  Stations,  may  be  supplied  with  fresh  information  and 
the  Church  at  large  may  be  kept  in  touch  with  the  needs 

35 


and  progress  of  the  work.  These  letters  should  include  in¬ 
cidents  of  human  interest,  accounts  of  the  work  and  its 
spiritual  character  and  results.  Unless  such  letters  are  received 
hy  supporters  of  specific  work  their  interest  may  wane  and 
their  gifts  diminish. 

Subjects  to  be  Avoided 

(g)  'I'hese  letters  should  not  deal  with  matters  of  Mission 
business  or  make  appeals  for  money  for  particular  objects 
unless  specifically  approved  by  the  Board.  They  should  urge 
the  increased  support  of  the  regular  work  which  the  Board, 
on  behalf  of  the  Missions,  underwrites  in  advance  in  the 
regular  appropriations.  They  should  be  constructive,  avoid 
fault-finding,  criticisms  and  divisive  subjects.  Except  as  they 
write  to  their  Foreign  Secretary  of  the  Board,  all  missionaries 
are  urged  to  refrain  from  criticism  of  native  peoples  and  national 
policies,  as  any  letters  sent  to  other  than  Board  officers  may, 
without  the  Board’s  knowledge,  get  to  the  public  press  and 
may  be  interpreted  as  voicing  the  attitude  of  the  Board. 
Photographs 

(h)  Photographs  portraying  life  and  action  are  desired 
from  every  Station.  They  should  be  printed  on  glossy 
paper  and  accompanied  by  sufficient  text  for  captions. 

E.  LITERARY  WORK  AND  PRINTING 

47.  Literary  work,  such  as  the  translation  and  the  prepara¬ 
tion  of  religious  and  educational  books  for  use  on  the  field, 
.should  be  undertaken  only  with  the  consent  and  by  appoint¬ 
ment  of  the  Mission. 

Writers  or  copyists  may  be  provided  for  missionaries  em¬ 
ployed  by  appointment  of  the  Mission  in  literary  w'ork,  where 
such  are  needed,  the  expense  to  be  met  by  the  Mission  within 
its  regular  appropriations. 

48.  No  printing  establishment  or  press  shall  be  erected 
without  the  sanction  of  the  Mission  and  Board,  and  no  printing 
establishment  shall  be  used  for  private  work  or  for  missionary 
publications,  except  under  authorization  of  the  Mission. 

36 


FINANCE 

A.  TREASURERS 

Mission  Treasurers 

49.  (a)  The  Mission  shall  elect  a  Treasurer  at  its  annual 

meeting,  or  when  a  vacancy  occurs;  the  election  to  be  reported 
to  the  Board  and  to  be  subject  to  its  approval. 

The  Mission  Treasurer  shall  carefully  preserve  all  deeds  of 
Mission  property  and  other  legal  papers  not  transmitted  to 
the  Board  (in  Stations  where  this  is  not  practicable  the  Mission 
may  assign  this  duty  to  the  Station  Treasurer);  keep  in  official 
books,  procured  at  the  Board’s  expense  and  to  be  the  property 
of  the  Board,  clear  and  correct  accounts  of  all  receipts  and 
payments,  secure  vouchers  for  the  latter,  and  keep  files  of 
all  official  correspondence  belonging  to  his  department.  His 
books  must  be  open  to  the  inspection  of  any  member  of  the 
Mission  at  any  reasonable  time. 

(b)  The  Mission  Treasurer  is  the  agent  of  the  Board  for 
the  distribution  of  the  amount  appropriated  for  his  Mission, 
and  is  responsible  to  the  Treasurer  of  the  Board  for  all  funds 
forwarded  to  him.  Mission  Treasurers  will  secure  the  funds 
needed  for  the  work  of  the  Mission  by  selling  drafts  drawn 
on  the  Treasurer  in  New  York,  as  the  forms  sent  to  the  Mis¬ 
sions  in  blank  from  New  York  indicate,  these  drafts  to  be 
signed  by  the  duly  authorized  Treasurer  of  the  Mission  and 
a  person  authorized  by  the  Mission  to  countersign.  These 
drafts  shall  be  sold  only  in  such  amounts  as  shall  be  needed 
in  the  immediate  future  to  finance  the  regular  work  and  prop¬ 
erty  and  building  operations,  d'hey  are  not  to  be  sold  in 
large  amounts  with  the  intention  of  depositing  the  proceeds 
in  local  banks  to  await  expenditure  at  some  indefinite  time 
in  the  future.  Limited  working  balances  should  be  kept  in  a 
bank  or  other  safe  depository  approved  by  the  Mission. 


No.  7 


37 


Appropriations  for  current  expenses  and  appropriations  for 
Class  IV  and  disbursements  against  these  two  classes  of  ap¬ 
propriations  respectively  are  to  be  kept  separate  at  every  stage 
of  the  accounting,  so  that  all  drafts  issued  for  Class  IV  needs 
should  be  marked  clearly  in  the  space  on  the  left  end  of  the 
draft  “Property  Account”  or  “Class  IV”  so  that  the  New 
York  Office  caii,  clearly  identify  such  drafts.  Immediately  on 
the  sale  of  drafts  notice  should  be  mailed  to  New  York 
advising  the  Board  Treasurer  of  such  sale,  giving  the  amount, 
the  rate  at  which  it  was  sold,  and  the  object  for  which  it  was 
sold.  Entries  in  the  books  in  New  York  are  made  from  the 
notifications  received  from  Mission  Treasurers  that  the  bills 
of  exchange  have  been  drawn.  It  is  necessary,  therefore, 
that  the  notifications  of  the  sale  of  these  drafts  be  mailed 
promptly. 

Building  funds  are  not  to  be  drawn  unless  the  appropriation 
or  appropriations  for  a  building  are  sufficient  to  complete  the 
building  or  a  unit  of  the  building,  where  the  program  is  a 
large  one.  At  the  -time  of  requisition  against  special  appro¬ 
priations  for  property,  the  Station  Treasurer  should  certify 
to  the  Mission  Treasurer  on  the  basis  of  action  by  the  Property 
Committee,  that  the  appropriation  of  the  Board  is  sufficient 
to  complete  the  building  or  a  unit  of  the  building  for  which 
requisition  is  made,  and  should  further  certify  that  the  amount 
drawn  by  the  requisition  is  for  early  use  for  the  purpose  of 
the  appropriation. 

No  funds  of  the  Board  shall  be  loaned  under  any  circum¬ 
stances.  There  is  no  warrant  for  assuming  liabilities  on  behalf 
of  the  Board  without  its  actual  consent,  and  it  is  within 
its  proper  right  to  repudiate  any  such  obligations.  The 
acceptance  of  funds  for  deposit,  and  the  investment  of 
the  same  in  any  form  of  security,  must  be  avoided.  The 
advancing  of  funds  for  building  purposes,  or  in  behalf  of 
any  individual,  however  urgent  might  appear  to  be  the  neces¬ 
sity,  is  unwarranted. 


38 


The  principle  of  this  Article  is  to  be  strictly  construed, 
there  being  no  authority  for  disbursements  beyond  the  limit 
of  appropriations,  except  in  cases  for  which  the  Manual 
provides. 

(c)  The  Mission  Treasurer  is  also  the  agent  of  the  Board 
to  enforce  any  rules  governing  the  use  of  revenue  derived 
from  such  sources  as  tuition  fees,  medical  fees,  press  earnings 
and  premium  on  exchange.  Such  funds  should  be  paid  to  him 
and  by  him  reported  to  the  Treasurer  of  the  Board. 

The  Mission  Treasurer  shall  also  examine  and  audit  travel 
accounts  presented  by  missionaries  upon  their  arrival  on  the 
field,  calling  attention  to  any  items  incorrectly  entered. 

(d)  The  Treasurer  of  the  Board  may  require  from  time 
to  time  concise  statements  of  the  condition  of  the  Mission 
treasuries  with  summary  of  receipts  and  disbursements,  but 
the  full  detailed  statement  of  the  Mission  must  be  rendered 
once  each  year. 

The  general  control  of  these  funds  is  intrusted  to  the  Mis¬ 
sion,  subject  to  the  direction  of  the  Board,  but  the  funds 
must  be  used  substantially  in  accordance  with  the  appropria¬ 
tions  as  made,  and  can  in  no  case  exceed  the  amount  without 
special  authority  being  obtained. 

The  Mission  Treasurer  may  require  from  institutions  oper¬ 
ating  under  the  Mission  direction  stated  reports  of  their 
financial  condition. 

Institutions  in  which  the  Mission  shares  with  other  Missions 
the  responsibility  for  the  management  are  expected  to  furnish 
the  Mission  Treasurer  with  a  copy  of  their  annual  financial 
reports. 

The  balance  sheets  of  all  institutions  should  show  not  only 
receipts  and  disbursements  but  also  the  assets  and  liabilities 
of  the  said  institutions  at  the  close  of  their  fiscal  year. 

(e)  It  is  the  policy  of  the  Board  to  install  trained  men  or 
women  as  Treasurers  or  business  agents  wherever  necessary 
for  Missions  or  for  combinations  of  Missions,  to  be  located  at 


.19 


central  points,  and  to  centralize  all  business  and  accounts 
of  the  district  to  be  served,  so  far  as  that  is  feasible. 

(f)  It  is  the  policy  of  the  Board  to  provide  business  offices 
with  suitable  equipment,  including  typewriters,  adding  ma¬ 
chines,  and  safes,  where  this  equipment  is  needed  for  efficiencj", 
economy  and  safety.  When  these  items  cannot  he  covered 
out  of  the  regular  appropriations,  they  should  he  placed  among 
requests  for  property  and  equipment  (Class  IV). 

50.  Station  Treasurers  shall  he  annually  appointed  by  each 
Station,  or,  where  the  Mission  shall  prefer,  by  the  Mission, 
and  the  names  reported  to  the  Board,  save  in  those  Missions 
where  the  Board  provides  for  the  discharge  of  these  duties 
by  the  Mission  Treasurer.  They  are  the  financial  agents  of 
the  Mission  for  their  several  Stations,  with  powers  and  re¬ 
sponsibilities  in  their  respective  spheres  similar  to  those  of 
Mission  Treasurers.  They  must  submit  reports  to  the  Mis¬ 
sion  Treasurer,  as  he  does  to  the  Board  Treasurer,  such  reports 
to  be  open  to  the  inspection  of  members  of  the  Station,  and 
to  be  duly  audited  by  a  committee  of  the  Station. 

B.  ESTIMATES  AND  APPROPRIATIONS 

51.  Each  Station  shall  prepare  a  careful  estimate  of  the 
probable  necessary  expense  of  its  work  for  the  year  beginning 
on  the  1st  of  April  following  the  date  of  annual  meeting.  These 
Sltation  estimates  shall  be  submitted  to  the  Mission  or  its 
Executive  Committee  for  detailed  consideration  and  recommen¬ 
dation,  as  the  Board  requires  the  judgment  of  the  Mission  or 
Executive  Committee  on  all  estimates  of  each  Station.  In 
recommending  appropriations  for  new  work,  such  as  the  send¬ 
ing  out  of  new  missionaries,  the  purchase  of  property,  erection 
of  buildings,  etc.,  the  Mission  shall  indicate  the  order  of  their 
importance. 

Missions  should  accompany  all  requests  for  new  propert}' 
or  new  missionaries,  with  a  statement  of  the  reasons,  even 
though  they  have  been  set  forth  in  previous  correspondence. 


40 


All  estimates  for  new  property  should  be  so  comprehensive 
as  to  avoid  the  necessity  of  requests  for  additional  funds  to 
complete  these  items.  Screening-  for  residences,  hospitals 
and  dormitories  should  invariably  he  included,  and  heating 
plants  in  climates  having  cold  winters. 

The  estimates  should  indicate  first  what  is  needed  for  the 
work  of  the  ensuing  year,  the  amount  not  to  exceed  the  grant 
of  the  year,  preceding  that  for  which  the  estimate  is  made, 
and,  secondly,  if  more  is  required,  how  the  Mission  would 
spend  the  desired  increase. 

Any  anticipated  income  from  rents  of  properties  on  the 
field  shall  be  included  within  the  annual  Adission  estimates 
of  receipts  on  the  field.  Any  necessary  expenditures  for  rent 
shall  be  a  first  charge  against  such  income. 

The  estimates  should  he  forwarded  to  the  Secretary  of  the 
Board  and  will  be  acted  upon  as  promptly  as  possible.  Pending 
such  action,  and  unless  notified  to  the  contrary  prior  to  April 
first,'  the  Mission  is  authorized  to  proceed  with  necessary 
expenditures  at  the  rate  covered  by  the  regular  appropriation.s 
for  the  preceding  year,  and  the  Treasurer  will  remit  accord¬ 
ingly,  but  the  Mission  may  not  enter  upon  advanced  expen¬ 
ditures  without  authority  from  the  Board. 

In  order  to  simplify  the  financing  of  the  necessary  expendi¬ 
ture  for  language  study  by  missionaries  during  their  first  term 
of  service,  in  so  far  as  possible  the  required  funds  may  be 
made  available  in  advance  through  Class  1  of  the  regular 
appropriations  and  the  Missions  and  the  field  Councils  are 
authorized  to  make  transfers  within  these  appropriations  for 
language  study  for  any  one  fiscal  year. 

Inasmuch  as  the  work  on  the  Mission  field  should,  as  soon 
and  as  fully  as  possible,  devolve  upon  the  national  Christians, 
they  should  clearly  recognize  their  natural  and  desirable  re¬ 
sponsibilities  for  its  maintenance  and  growth.  In  preparing 
estimates,  the  entire  local  Christian  program  should  be  sur¬ 
veyed.  The  Church  in  the  field  should  be  consulted  and 


41 


encouraged  to  undertake  the  largest  personal  and  financial 
share  of  which  it  is  capable.  The  Mission  should  request  the 
Board  in  America  to  provide  only  the  force  and  funds  that 
are  needed  for  the  remainder. 

52.  In  case  any  work  is  partially  supported  by  receipts 
on  the  field,  these  receipts  shall  be  carefully  estimated  and 
stated.  The  total  estimated  cost  shall  also  be  stated.  Only 
that  amount  necessary  to  make  up  the  difference  between 
cost  and  field  receipts  shall  be  asked  from  the  Board.  It 
will  not  be  feasible  for  the  Board  to  make  additional  appro¬ 
priations  for  such  work,  toward  the  close  of  the  fiscal  year, 
on  representations  that  estimated  field  receipts  have  fallen 
below  expectations.  However,  the  usual  privilege  will  apply, 
that  transfers  of  unused  appropriations  for  other  items  in  the 
appropriations  may  be  made  up  to  the  end  of  the  fiscal  year. 

A  Mission  shall  conduct  its  operations  within  the  total 
amount  of  field  receipts  plus  Board  appropriations  in  Classes 
IV-X  inclusive.  Classes  IV  and  V  are  not  transferable.  A 
balance  in  a  Mission’s  account  of  the  year  shall  be  carried 
forward  into  the  new  fiscal  year.  A  balance  for  new  property 
or  repairs  shall  be  used  according  to  Board  designation.  A 
balance  in  Classes  VI-X  shall  be  used  by  and  at  the  discretion  of 
the  Mission  in  its  work  in  addition  to  its  other  receipts  for 
the  new  year,  with  the  understanding  (1)  that  Board  approval 
shall  be  secured  before  any  obligation  is  incurred  for  new 
property  or  for  recurrent  expenditure,  and  (2)  that  the  Board 
shall  consider  on  its  merits  any  exceptional  case  such  as  a 
large  saving  from  the  stoppage  of  work.  Care  should  be 
exercised  by  each  Mission  in  estimating  its  anticipated  field 
receipts,  and  the  Mission  must  assume  full  responsibility  for 
any  deficit.  In  order  to  avoid  a  deficit,  the  aim  should  be  to 
underestimate  field  receipts  and  to  carry  any  unexpended  sur¬ 
plus  over  into  the  following  year.  On  the  other  hand,  the 
accumulation  of  large  surpluses  should  be  avoided.  Money 
raised  on  the  field  and  gifts  sent  from  America  not  through 


42 


the  Board  hut  directly  to  missionaries  should  not  be  put  in 
Column  B.  The  object  of  Column  B  is  to  show  contributions 
from  native  sources,  and  the  Board  and  all  students  of  Missions 
examine  that  column  to  see  what  progress  is  being  made  in 
self-support.  Article  54  indicates  the  procedure  that  should 
be  followed  when  missionaries  receive  gifts  from  America  for 
missionary  work. 

Liberty  of  Transfer 

53.  The  Mission  is  at  liberty  to  make  necessary  transfers 
in  the  annual  appropriations,  as  sent  by  the  Board:  (1) 
inside  individual  Classes  V-X;  (2)  between  classes  VI-X 
within  Stations,  excepting  Medical.  Class  VI;  (3)  between 
Station  appropriations  Classes  VI-X. 

Each  Mission  is  responsible  for  bringing  its  expenditures 
for  the  year  within  its  appropriations.  Any  overdrafts  in¬ 
curred  will  be  charged  against  the  appropriation  for  the  ensuing 
year. 

It  is,  of  course,  expected  that  the  Mission  will  take  into 
due  consideration  any  association  of  particular  objects  with 
special  givers  in  America  and  will  not  needlessly  disturb 
such  relations;  but  if  in  the  judgment  of  the  Mission  the 
interests  of  the  work  are  seriously  involved  the  Board  will 
support  the  Mission  in  assigning  such  objects  their  propor¬ 
tionate  share  of  any  reduction,  and  the  Board  will  take  up 
with  the  givers  at  home  any  difficulties  which  may  arise. 

Special  Appeals 

54.  Missionaries  on  furlough  in  their  addresses  and  appeals 
should  stress  the  items  in  the  guaranteed  regular  appropriations 
and  such  property  needs  as  are  in  the  current  approved  list 
of  the  Board  or  especially  approved  by  it.  Property  items 
not  secured  in  a  given  year  should  be  continued  on  the  list 
until  funds  are  secured.  Omission  of  an  item  from  the  list  indi¬ 
cates  that  it  has  been  provided  or  is  no  longer  deemed  necessary. 

43 


Funds  for  other  ol)jects  proffered  to  missionaries  without 
appeal  may  be  accepted  when  approved  by  the  Mission  and 
by  the  Board,  provided  such  funds  cannot,  after  earnest  effort, 
be  secured  for  the  current  budget. 

In  loyalty  to  the  interests  of  the  entire  work,  missionaries 
in  seeking  funds  for  property  and  equipment  should  try  to 
secure  first  those  items  that  appear  high  in  the  list  of  the 
Mission,  approved  by  the  Board,  except  in  countries  where 
there  is  a  Council  Preferential  Property  List.  In  such  cases 
effort  should  be  directed  to  secure  first  those  items  which 
are  high  in  the  Council  List  and  approved  by  the  Board. 

It  is  the  desire  of  the  Board  that  the  estimates  should  be 
so  complete  as  to  preclude  applications  from  the  field  to 
churches,  Sunday  schools,  societies  or  individuals  for  special 
gifts.  Such  applications  involve  unjust  discriminations  m 
favor  of  some  Missions  and  missionaries,  subordinate  the  judg¬ 
ment  of  the  Mission  to  private  judgment,  interfere  with  the 
regular  income  of  the  Board,  and  if  right  for  one  are  right 
for  all,  and  so  militate  against  the  purpose  of  the  Church  in 
the  establishment  of  the  Board. 

All  money  not  paid  through  the  Treasurer  of  the  Board,  but 
received  for  the  work  by  missionaries  from  churches  or  other 
organizations  or  from  individuals,  should  be  reported  to  the 
Board  through  the  Mission  Treasurers.  Wherever  consistent 
with  the  will  of  the  donor,  such  gifts  should  be  applied  to  the 
regular  budget  of  authorized  expenditures  for  the  year  until 
this  has  been  wholly  met.  But  if  this  is  not  allowable,  the 
Board  considers  it  but  just  to  the  Church,  and  to  the  givers 
themselves  and  to  the  work  as  a  whole,  that  all  gifts  going 
out  to  the  field  should  be  reported  to  the  Mission  Treasurer, 
and  the  Mission  Treasurer  should  make  report  to  the  Board, 
showing; 

(a)  All  gifts  passing  through  his  hands  for  special  pur¬ 
poses. 

(b)  As  far  as  possible,  all  gifts  not  passing  through  his 

44 


hands  but  received  and  expended  by  individual  missionaries 
for  the  work. 

The  Board  determines  annually  and  in  detail  how  the  total 
share  of  the  Board  in  the  benevolence  budget  of  the  Church 
shall  he  distributed.  It  urges  upon  the  churches  and  all  other 
donors  as  the  primary  obligation  that  portion  of  its  budget 
which  the  Board  has  definitely  assumed  by  guaranteed  appro¬ 
priations.  Contributions  for  the  balance  of  the  budget  should 
be  deemed  secondary  to  these  guaranteed  appropriations. 
All  amounts  for  objects  within  the  budget  may  be  credited 
to  the  churches  on  their  apportionment  under  the  budget, 
but  credit  cannot  be  given  on  church,  presbyterial  or  synodical 
apportionments  by  the  Board  or  by  the  General  Council  for 
gifts  for  objects  which  are  outside  the  budget  allotted  to  the 
Foreign  Board,  and  which  have  not  been  approved  and  in¬ 
cluded  by  the  Board  under  that  budget.  Such  gifts  are  not 
subject  to  tax  for  the  Board’s  share  of  the  expenses  of  the 
General  Council,  or  if  taxable,  the  tax  must  be  deducted  from 
the  gift  and  not  be  a  charge  on  the  Board’s  undesignated  gifts. 
All  gifts  within  the  budget,  unless  otherwise  specified  by 
donors,  constitute  a  part  of  tbe  total  receipts  of  the  Board. 

Special  Appropriations 

55.  After  the  estimates  are  sent  to  the  Board,  special  re¬ 
quests  for  grants  cannot  be  entertained,  except  in  extraordi¬ 
nary  circumstances.  When  sucli  cases  arise  during  the  year, 
calling  for  extra  appropriations,  they  should  be  submitted  to 
the  Mission  or  to  the  Executive  Committee  of  the  Mission, 
who  will  forward  the  request  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Board 
in  charge  of  the  correspondence,  with  the  proper  recom¬ 
mendation. 

Exchange 

56.  Appropriations  as  made  by  the  Board,  in  Classes  I  to 
IV,  will  be  made  in  United  States  currency.  Those  in  Classes 
V  to  X  will  be  made  in  the  currency  of  the  country,  except 

-15 


in  certain  special  cases  where  depreciation  of  the  local  currency 
renders  necessary  keeping  the  accounts  in  gold. 

Mission  Treasurers  will  pay  salaries  and  children’s  allow¬ 
ances  in  local  currency,  at  an  average  rate  of  exchange,  rules 
for  determining  this  rate  to  be  formulated  by  the  Mission 
Treasurer  and  the  Mission. 

The  understanding  is  that  the  missionary  is  to  have  what¬ 
ever  the  gold  salary  produces  in  native  currency  and  that  in 
addition,  when  the  gold  dollar  is  producing  less  than  the  normal 
rate  the  Board  will  guarantee  a  fixed  rate,  approximately  the 
normal  rate,  on  such  part  of  the  salary  as  is  used  on  the  field 
and  therefore  affected  by  exchange.  On  the  portion  of  the 
salary  expended  outside  of  the  country,  the  deduction  is  to 
be  made  in  gold  amounts,  inasmuch  as  no  question  of  exchange 
is  involved.  Charges  going  out  to  the  field  against  salary 
accounts  should  be  deducted  either  in  gold  amounts  or  at 
the  arbitrary  rate  fixed  by  the  Board. 

C.  PROPERTY 

General  Rules 

57.  No  property  is  to  be  purchased  or  sold,  or  any  build¬ 
ing  erected  for  the  Board  without  its  sanction.  None  of  its 
property  is  to  be  mortgaged  or  assigned  for  any  debt.  All 
property  given  or  purchased  for  its  use  shall  be  at  once  trans¬ 
ferred  to  it,  or  be  held  in  trust  for  it  by  a  properly  executed 
document. 

Gifts  on  the  field  or  from  sources  outside  of  the  Board’s 
Treasury  for  the  erection  of  buildings  on  the  property  of 
the  Board,  or  for  enlarging  or  improving  buildings  already  in 
use,  or  for  acquiring  new  property,  should  be  reported  to  the 
Board,  and  before  these  gifts  are  expended  full  plans  of  the 
improvements  contemplated  should  be  submitted  to  the  Board 
for  its  approval. 

If  missionaries  spend  moneys  of  their  own  in  the  purchase 
of  land,  enlargement  or  erection  of  buildings  for  missionary 


46 


purposes,  they  must  understand  that  they  have  no  claim  upon 
the  Board  for  special  reimbursement. 

Title  deeds  of  all  properties  are  to  be  duly  recorded  in  the 
way  required  by  the  government  within  whose  territory  the 
Mission  is  located. 

All  Stations  should  forward  promptly  to  the  Board,  upon 
the  blanks  furnished  for  such  purpose,  all  details  of  new 
property  acquired,  or  buildings  erected,  so  that  the  Board’s 
files  may  be  kept  up  to  date. 

Competent  architects  should  be  secured  for  all  buildings  of 
a  value  of  $1,000,  or  more,  or  the  approval  by  the  Board  of 
suggested  plans  be  secured.  When  arrangements  cannot  be 
made  to  have  plans  drawn  by  an  architect,  report  to  this  effect 
should  be  made  to  the  Board. 

Upon  completion  of  a  building,  report  should  be  made  by 
the  Mission  Property  Committee  to  the  Mission  and  the  Board 
as  to  how  satisfactory  the  architect,  plans,  construction,  etc., 
have  been. 

Photographs  and  plans  of  these  buildings  and  diagrams  of 
the  land  should  be  sent  with  the  property  blanks. 

Missionaries,  of  course,  will  not  in  any  way  involve  the 
Board  in  property  or  financial  obligations,  without  its  consent. 
If  they  do  they  must  be  held  personally  responsible  for  the 
amount. 

Sale  or  Rent  of  Property 

58.  Property  not  in  use  and  not  likely  to  be  needed  for 
missionary  purposes  should  be  disposed  of  as  soon  as  a 
fair  price  can  be  obtained.  Sales  are  to  be  authorized 
by  the  Mission  and  its  Property  Committee  on  terms  approved 
by  them  and  confirmed  by  the  Board.  The  proceeds  of  such 
sales  should  be  credited  to  the  Board  and  reported  at  once. 
Where  property  unused  by  the  Mission  cannot  be  sold,  it 
should  be  rented  as  advantageously  as  possible  and  the  pro¬ 
ceeds  and  their  use  under  Article  33h,  reported  to  the  Treas¬ 
urers  of  the  Mission  and  the  Board.  The  character  of  the 


47 


tenant  and  the  proposed  use  of  the  property  should  he  carefully 
considered.  (See  Articles  33h  and  51.) 

When  rental  of  Board  property  on  the  field  is  foreseen  at 
the  time  of  making  the  annual  estimates,  it  shall  be  included 
in  Column  B  as  receipts  on  the  field.  If  the  income  is  not 
foreseen,  it  shall  be  applied  as  receipts  on  the  field  toward 
the  appropriations  in  Column  C  and  be  so  reported  to  the 
Board  Treasurer.  In  the  use  of  rental  income,  a  Mission 
shall  give  preference  to  any  necessary  repairs  on  Board 
property. 

59.  Each  Mission  shall,  at  its  annual  meeting,  appoint  a 
Property  Committee,  without  whose  approval  and  that  of 
the  Mission  or  its  Executive  Committee  no  plans  shall  be 
adopted  or  any  land  purchased.  This  Committee  shall  have, 
or  shall  arrange  for,  general  supervision  of  the  erection  of  all 
buildings.  It  shall  also  be  responsible  for  keeping  the  expen¬ 
ditures  within  the  funds  available.  Copies  of  all  plans  approved 
by  this  Committee  shall  be  forwarded  as  soon  as  possible 
to  the  Treasurer  of  the  Board. 

Repairs  on  Property 

60.  Each  Mission  shall  make  provision  for  repairs  on  prop¬ 
erties,  so  as  to  keep  all  buildings  in  satisfactory  condition. 
.Appropriations  for  repairs  shall  be  non-transferable,  and  if 
unused,  are  to  be  retained  in  the  repairs  account  of  the  Mission 
(Class  V.) 

All  repairs  on  buildings  shall  be  included  in  the  general 
estimates,  and  no  major  repairs,  enlargements  or  alterations 
involving  expense  shall  be  made  without  the  concurrence  of 
the  Mission  or  the  Property  Committee  and,  if  amounting  to 
more  than  $500,  the  sanction  of  the  Board. 

Insurance 

61.  Save  for  exceptional  buildings  for  which  the  Board 
approves  special  insurance,  the  Board  undertakes  to  carry  its 
owm  insurance  on  its  Mission  properties  in  a  fire  and  marine 


48 


insurance  fund  in  New  York,  setting  aside  such  annual  sums 
as  practicable  for  this  purpose.  It  has  not  yet  been  possible 
to  set  aside  an  adequate  sum  for  this  purpose.  Pending  its 
completion,  replacements  of  destroyed  properties  may  have 
to  be  regarded  as  within  the  quota  allotted  to  each  Mission 
in  the  Board’s  approved  property  list.  The  Board  will  give 
sympathetic  consideration  to  such  requests  and  will  try  to 
arrange  for  prompt  rebuilding.  A  Mission  should  report  to 
the  Board  its  judgment  as  to  the  relative  importance  of  such 
replacement  as  compared  with  other  property  needs  inasmuch 
as  it  does  not  necessarily  follow  in  every  case  that  a  destroyed 
building  should  be  replaced  with  money  available  for  more 
pressing  needs.  Whether  a  replacement  should  be  wholly  or 
partially  made  from  the  Fire  and  Marine  Insurance  Fund, 
or  whether  special  appeal  should  be  made  for  it,  will  be  deter¬ 
mined  at  the  time  by  the  Board. 

RELATION  OF  PROPERTY  TO  CHURCHES  IN  THE 

MISSION  FIELD 

62.  It  is  desirable  that  the  national  Churches  should  provide 
their  own  buildings  on  land  acquired  and  owned  by  the 
Churches.  Where  native  contributions  enter  into  property 
owned  by  the  Board,  it  is  desirable  that  there  should  be  clear 
understanding  as  to  the  equities  of  all  interested  parties.  In  the 
case  of  hospitals  and  schools  where  native  contributions  as  a 
rule  are  the  results  of  the  earnings  of  the  institutions  or  are 
government  grants,  there  should  be  perfectly  clear  recognition 
that  the  title  is  in  the  Board,  and  that  unless  specified  in  the 
gift  and  agreed  to  by  the  Board,  no  condition  or  lien  limits  the 
right  of  the  Board  to  dispose  of  the  property  and  use  the 
proceeds  as  it  thinks  best. 

(1)  All  property  provided  l)y  the  Board  is  Iield  by  it  in 
trust  for  the  Presbyterian  Church  in  the  U.  S.  A.  in  its  foreign 
missionary  undertakings,  save  where  the  funds  came  from  the 
field,  in  which  case  the  Board  deems  itself  trustee  for  the 


Church  or  the  people  of  that  field.  The  fact  that  the  Board 
has  expended  in  a  field  the  money  given  by  the  Church  in 
the  U.  S.  A.  does  not  create  a  binding  presumption  that  it  was 
or  will  be  a  donation  to  that  field.  (2)  The  Board  must  judge 
with  regard  to  each  piece  or  classification  of  property  whether 
its  transfer  to  the  Church  or  other  agency  in  the  field  is 
possible  and  advisable,  and,  if  so,  what  terms  of  transfer  would 
best  fulfill  the  purpose  of  the  donors  and  the  trust  responsi¬ 
bility  of  the  Board.  (3)  Where  property  has  been  bought  in 
whole  or  in  part  by  the  Church  in  the  Mission  field,  and  is 
held  by  the  Board,  the  Board  will  regard  such  property,  or 
the  Church’s  equity  therein,  as  a  trust,  and  recognize  that 
such  property  or  equity  should  be  turned  over  to  the  Church 
whenever  it  is  practicable  and  desired,  or,  if  it  is  sold,  that 
the  proceeds  should  be  used  in  the  Christian  cause  in  the 
country  concerned.  (4)  Where  the  property  has  been  pur¬ 
chased  by  contributions  from  America,  the  Board  must  regard 
it,  as  a  general  rule,  as  held  in  trust,  not  for  the  Church  in 
the  particular  country  in  which  the  money  was  first  spent, 
but  for  the  whole  enterprise  which  the  Board  is  incorporated 
to  carry  on.  The  Board  will  have  to  determine  in  each 
particular  case  whether  the  property  or  its  proceeds  should 
be  turned  over  to  the  Church  in  the  field,  or  reinvested  in  the 
work  there,  or  should  be  transferred  to  some  other  field  where 
the  Board’s  responsibility  under  its  charter  is  still  unfulfilled. 

PROPERTY  LISTS  AND  APPEALS 

63.  The  Board’s  Annual  Property  List  in  Relation  to  Mis¬ 
sion  and  Council  Lists.  It  is  the  Board’s  custom  to  issue  its 
property  list  in  the  early  fall.  Missions  and  Councils  should 
make  special  effort  to  submit  their  lists  to  the  Board  prior 
to  August  15. 

A.  Basis  on  Wliicii  the  Property  List  Is  Prepared  by  the  Board 

The  Board’s  Approved  Property  List  takes  into  considera¬ 
tion  the  following  factors: 


50 


(1)  Allotment  of  the  Total  Amount.  The  total  for  property 
for  which  the  Board  can  make  appeal  in  any  given  year  is  deter¬ 
mined  by  the  Foreign  Board’s  share  of  the  total  Benevolence 
Budget  approved  by  the  General  Assembly  which  the  Church  is 
asked  to  provide.  Within  this  budget  there  must  be  included  the 
support  of  missionaries,  maintenance  of  native  work,  Mission 
and  Station  expenses,  administrative  and  promotional  costs,  all 
of  whicK  ordinarily  total  more  than  80%,  and  approved  property 
needs.  It  is  clear,  therefore,  that  the  amount  for  which  the 
Board  can  give  credit  within  the  Approved  Benevolence  Budget  of 
the  Church  for  any  given  year  is  definitely  limited. 

(2)  Allotment  to  Each  Country.  In  determining  this  consider¬ 
ation  is  given  to — 

(a)  The  amount  granted  by  the  Board  during  the  preceding 
year  in  the  regular  appropriations  for  each  country,  i.e..  Column 
C  of  the  Mission  Estimates.  If  a  like  amount  for  property  is 
manifestly  inadequate,  then  the  Board’s  Property  Committee  seeks 
to  arrange  for  a  more  equitable  allotment,  and  the  amounts 
requested  by  the  Mission  in  Column  A  (i.  e.,  the  total  needed  for 
authorized  work)  are  considered  as  a  partial  guide.  (b)  The 
average  of  actual  receipts  for  property  items  received  by  each 
country  for  the  preceding  five  years,  (c)  Any  unusual  conditions 
in  any  field. 

(3)  Items  are  selected  from  the  Missions’  and  Councils’  lists 
in  the  preferential  order  noted  below. 

B.  I’refei  ential  Order  of  Items 

Property  lists  should  be  prepared  in  the  following  preferential 
order : 

n)  UiDiiet  Balances  required  on  property  items  still  needed 
and  approved  by  the  Board  and  for  which  approximately  one-half 
has  been  appropriated  by  the  Board  or  otherwise  secured. 

Missions  and  Councils  should  include  in  their  property  requests 

51 


to  the  Board  all  items  on  which  there  are  unmet  balances,  whether 
the  sums  still  required  have  been  pledged  or  not. 

(2)  Necessary  Repairs  on  existing  properties  for  amounts  over 
$500.  By  necessary  repairs  is  meant  a  repair  which  if  not  made 
would  cause  a  serious  deterioration  of  the  property.  All  repair 
items  over  $500  should  be  separately  classified  and  not  grouped 
with  alterations,  improvements,  additions  or  equipment. 

Each  Mission  shall  make  provision  for  repairs  on  all  properties 
so  as  to  keep  all  buildings  in  satisfactory  condition.  Appropria¬ 
tions  for  repairs  shall  be  non-transferable  and  if  unused  are  to  be 
retained  in  the  repairs  account  of  the  Mission.  If  the  Mission 
cannot  at  once  include  under  present  appropriations  all  that  is 
needed  for  repairs,  it  should  assign  as  much  as  possible  for  this 
need  from  the  first  increases  granted  by  the  Board  in  the  guaran¬ 
teed  appropriations. 

(3)  Irnmediatciy  Needed  Residences  to  house  missionaries  on 
the  field  or  under  appointment  for  whom  no  other  suitable  ac¬ 
commodation  can  be  provided.  The  Board  desires  to  make  every 
effort  to  preserve  the  health  and  efficiency  of  the  missionaries 
and  their  families  by  providing  suitable  housing,  and  instructs 
the  Missions  to  place  high  in  their  property  lists  actually  needed 
residences. 

(4)  The  remaining  property  items  are  those  next  highest  on 
the  official  lists  sent  from  the  field.  Desired  replacements  of 
destroyed  property  should  be  listed  here  unless  the  Mission 
regards  a  particular  replacement  so  essential  as  to  merit  a  higher 
place  among  the  Prior  Items. 

Emergency  Items.  If,  during  the  course  of  the  year,  after  the 
property  list  has  been  submitted,  emergency  items  arise,  they 
should  be  officially  presented  to  the  Board,  which  will  give  them 
sympathetic  consideration.  Such  items  must  displace  a  like  amount 
elsewhere  in  the  list  of  the  Mission  or  Council  concerned.  Advice 
as  to  what  item  should  be  displaced  is  desired  by  the  Board,  other- 
w'ise  the  Board  must  use  its  discretion  in  substitutions. 

52 


I*Toi>erty  Needs  of  Cooperntive  Krite-rjirlse’S 

In  order  that  the  Board  may  have  a  clear  understanding  of  a 
Mission’s  opinion  as  to  the  relative  urgency  of  our  Presbyterian 
responsibility  for  both  denominational  and  union  enterprises,  it  is 
essential  that  all  requests  for  property  for  both  types  of  work 
he  included  in  the  same  preferential  list,  indicating  the  relative 
order  of  importance  in  the  mind  of  the  Mission,  so  that  the 
Board  may  be  advised  to  what  degree  that  need  is  urgent  as 
compared  with  other  local  Presbyterian  obligations. 

I).  The  Amounts  for  Wlilch  CoiineiLs  and  Missions  May  Make  Appesil 

for  Property' 

The  annual  property  list  of  each  Council  and  Mission  should 
be  made  out  on  a  conservative  and  practicable  basis  so  as  to 
conform  to  the  plan  the  Board  is  compelled  to  follow  as  outlined 
in  Section  63  (2-a.)  Missions  and  Councils  should  not  publish 
or  circulate  such  secondary  requests  as  “Groups  B  and  C,” 
“A2  Dockets,”  “Other  Requests,”  etc.  These  should  be  sent  in 
manuscript  form  to  the  Board. 


K.  Knumeration  and  Identification  of  Proi>ertj'  Items 

In  presenting  property  items  for  appeal  in  the  Board’s  official 
list,  it  is  necessary  not  only  that  the  preferential  order  should  be 
shown,  but  each  item  should  be  designated  also  by  a  Permanent 
Identification  Number  to  locate  it  in  subsequent  annual  lists  and 
in  the  records  of  the  Mission,  Council  and  Board.  Detailed  in¬ 
structions  may  be  secured  from  the  Board. 

The  permanent  official  property  file  of  the  Board  is  kept  in  its 
Treasurer’s  office.  It  is  essential  that  in  this  office  there  be  a 
complete  file  of  photographs  of  all  properties  owned  by  the 
Board  together  with  blue  prints  if  such  are  available,  if  not,  a 
rough  sketch  of  floor  plans  of  all  buildings.  As  soon,  therefore, 
as  a  new  building  is  completed  photographs  and  plans  should 
be  forwarded  to  the  Board’s  Treasurer.  Any  photographs  sent 
to  the  Board’s  Department  for  Specific  Work  or  to  the  Publicity 


53 


Department  for  publicity  purposes  do  not  take  the  place  of  those 
required  by  the  Treasurer’s  Office. 

F.  Dpisig-iiatiiis:  Anioiints  Still  Rp-qiiired  for  Fronorty  Items  for 
Which  Some  Fniuls  Are  In  Hand 

Tlio  Missions  in  preparing  their  approved  property  lists  shall 
state,  in  cases  where  sums  liavc  been  appropriated  or  otherwise 
secured  toward  an  object : 

First,  the  total  amount  rct|ucstcd  by  the  Mission,  including  any 
increases,  if  such,  on  the  original  estimates. 

Second,  the  total  amount  in  hand  for  the  item  and  from  what 
sources,  if  not  received  by  appropriation  from  the  Board. 

Third,  the  total  amount  of  the  appropriations  received  toward 
the  object. 

Fourth,  the  net  amount  still  required  at  the  time  the  list  is 
prepared,  this  being  the  sum  for  which  the  Board  makes  request. 

G.  Description  of  Items  Listed 

In  order  that  intelligent  and  forceful  solicitation  may  be  made 
among  prospective  donors  it  is  essential  that  adequate  description 
accompany  each  property  item  listed. 

H.  Time  Limit  for  Authorized  Property  Appeals 

All  requests  in  property  lists  are  understood  to  lapse  with  the 
issuance  of  a  later  Mission  list  unless  they  are  renewed  in  the 
later  list. 

I.  Solicitation  of  Property  by  Furloughed  Missionaries 

Wherever  a  Mission  desires  that  furloughed  missionaries  should 
bs  given  permission  to  appeal  for  special  property  items  during 
their  furlough  it  will  be  necessary  for  the  Mission  to  see  that 
these  items  are  placed  sufficiently  near  the  top  of  its  preferred 
list  to  bring  them  within  the  Board’s  authorized  Property  List 
for  all  the  Missions. 

J.  Appeal  and  Gifts  for  Items  Far  Down  on  3IissIon 

Property  Lists 

When  missionaries  approach  prospective  donors  in  the  home 
churches  about  property  items  that  are  far  down  on  their  Mission’s 


54 


list  or  not  on  it  at  all,  money  which  might  otherwise  have  been 
obtained  for  objects  higher  on  the  Mission’s  list  and  included  on  the 
Board’s  list  is  probably  diverted.  This  frequently  causes  em¬ 
barrassment  at  home  and  trouble  on  the  field.  When  prospective 
donors  consult  the  Board  about  rc(|uests  of  this  kind,  the  custom 
is,  in  loyalty  to  the  Mission  concerned,  to  advise  that  the  gift  be 
made  for  one  of  the  objects  that  is  on  the  Board’s  list  and  that 
the  Mission  has  voted  to  be  of  primary  importance.  Sometimes 
this  advice  is  heeded,  to  the  disappointment  of  the  missionary, 
and  sometimes  it  is  not.  In  the  latter  case  the  Board  must 
appropriate  the  gift  for  the  object  designated,  or  send  the  funds 
by  Board  Money  Order,  or  refuse  the  gift  altogether ;  the  result 
being  that  a  Mission  often  gets  what  it  considers  of  secondary 
importance,  while  a  primary  need  remains  unmet.  All  practicable 
power  and  discretion  should  be  vested  in  the  Mission  on  the  field ; 
but  missionaries  who  make  appeals  as  above  are  really  nullifying 
this  just  principle  of  democratic  Mission  administration. 

K.  No  Credit  for  Gifts  for  Objex-ts  Outside  the  Board’s  Budget 

Because  of  apportionments  which  have  been  made,  churches 
sometimes  demand  credit  from  the  Board  for  all  gifts  con¬ 
tributed  by  their  members  for  Foreign  ^lission  objects,  whether 
such  objects  are  within  the  Board’s  approved  budget  or  not. 
Many  donors  assume  that  the  fact  that  a  missionary  appeals  for 
an  object  insures  its  being  credited  on  their  local  church’s  ap¬ 
portionment  of  the  Benevolence  Budget.  Credit  cannot  be  given 
on  church,  presbyterial  or  synodical  apportionments  by  the  Board 
or  by  the  General  Council  for  gifts  for  objects  which  are  outside 
the  budget  allotted  to  the  Foreign  Board,  and  which  have  not 
been  approved  and  included  by  the  Board  under  that  budget. 

L.  To  Wliom  Appeal  Should  Be  Ma<le 

Care  should  be  taken  in  soliciting  funds  for  property  not  to 
divert  money  which  is  accustomed  to  be  sent  to  support  mission¬ 
aries  or  station  work.  It  is  for  these  primary  needs  that  the  gifts 
of  churches  are  ordinarily  applied  and  for  which  they  receive 


55 


credit  on  their  Foreign  Missions  quota  of  the  Benevolence  bud¬ 
get.  Gifts  for  property  should  ordinarily  be  secured  from  indi¬ 
viduals. 

M.  R<»i>m-ts  on  lOxppiulitiiro  of  Api)ro^>riations  niul  on  ProRress  of 

Construction 

In  order  that  tlic  Board  may  always  have  available  accurate 
and  adequate  information  about  all  its  property  holdings  and  that 
the  Missions’  property  needs  may  be  best  promoted,  the  Board 
directs : 

First — That  each  Station  treasurer  send  annually  on  March 
31st  to  the  Board  treasurer  on  the  blanks  provided  for  the 
purpose,  a  report  on  each  separate  piece  of  property  acquired 
during  the  fiscal  year  just  closing,  the  lands  purchased  or  build¬ 
ings  erected. 

Second — That  treasurers  of  the  Afissions  in  their  quarterly  re¬ 
ports  to  the  Board  state  all  the  disbursements  that  have  been 
made  against  special  appropriations  for  property,  which  report 
in  the  past  has  been  required  only  in  the  annual  report  of  the 
Alission  treasurer.  It  is  necessary  for  the  Board  to  be  in  a  position 
to  advise  donors  throughout  the  year  exactly  as  to  the  expen¬ 
diture  of  their  money. 

Third — That  each  Station  also  report  to  the  Board’s  Depart¬ 
ment  for  Specific  Work  on  the  blanks  furnished  by  that  depart¬ 
ment  for  the  purpose,  detailed  information  needed  regarding  the 
progress  of  construction.  Three  such  blanks  will  be  furnished 
for  initial,  intermediate  and  final  reports. 

D.  MISCELLANEOUS 

Money  Orders  and  Certificates  of  Credit 

64.  The  Treasurer  of  the  Board  is  authorized  to  make 
purchases  for  missionaries  and  for  institutions  under  the  charge 
of  the  Mission.  All  charges,  including  freight,  shall  be  charged 
against  either  the  personal  account  of  the  missionary  or  the 
account  of  the  institution  thus  served.  Care  should  be  taken 


56 


to  make  orders  in  the  name  of  the  institution  and  not  of  the 
individual  missionary,  w'hen  the  purchases  are  for  the  account 
of  the  institution.  The  Treasurer  shall  require  some  form  of 
order  for  these  purchases  in  the  name  of  the  missionary  or 
the  institution.  The  Treasurer  on  the  field  through  Avhom 
this  amount  must  be  collected  shall  have  cognizance  of  the 
obligation  assumed  and  to  this  end  should  countersign  all 
orders  thus  forwarded  to  the  Board,  a  duplicate  of  the  order 
being  filed  with  him.  These  purchases  arc  for  Mission  work 
and  for  missionaries’  personal  needs,  and  the  privilege  of 
making  such  purchases  is  not  to  be  extended  to  those  not 
directly  associated  with  the  Missions. 

The  Board’s  Treasurer  may  receive  and  transfer  to  the  field 
funds  handed  him  for  the  private  use  of  missionaries  and, 
in  turn,  pay  upon  authority  funds  transferred  to  him  by  mis¬ 
sionaries.  For  this  purpose  Mission  Treasurers  are  authorized 
to  issue  certificates  of  credit,  which  shall  only  be  made  for 
actual  value  received,  and  shall  not  transmit  such  funds  by 
negotiable  drafts  payable  through  banks.  Charges  and  credits 
for  Institutions  on  the  field  where  arbitrary  rates  apply  to 
salaries  are  to  be  figured  at  the  current  rate  of  exchange. 

Auditing  Committee 

65.  The  books,  balance  sheet  and  annual  report  of  the 
Treasurer  of  each  Mission  are  to  be  audited  by  a  committee 
of  not  less  than  two  persons  appointed  for  such  purpose  by  the 
Mission  or  by  its  Executive  Committee.  This  Committee 
shall  audit  the  accounts  of  the  Mission  Treasurer  as  soon  as 
possible  after  April  1st  in  each  year. 

In  auditing  the  accounts  the  Committee  is  expected  not 
only  to  exanfine  the  footings  and  vouchers  for  each  payment 
but  also  to  report  whether  the  disbursements  under  appropria¬ 
tions  have  been  made  in  accordance  with  the  vote  of  the 
Mission  and  the  Board.  The  audit  should  include  an  examina¬ 
tion  of  the  cash  on  hand  and  certification  that  there  is  actual 
cash  on  hand  to  the  amount  reported  to  the  Board. 


57 


Also  all  records  of  the  Treasurer  should  be  reviewed  by 
this  Committee  so  that  it  can  certify  that  everything  is  being 
done  in  accordance  with  the  instructions  of  the  Mission  and 
of  the  Board  as  outlined  in  the  Manual,  and  that  all  trans¬ 
actions  affecting  the  credit  of  the  Board  are  reported  to  it. 

The  report  of  this  Committee  of  the  Mission  certifying 
that  such  auditing  has  been  made  and  the  results  thereof 
should  be  presented  to  the  Mission  (or  Executive  Committee) 
forwarded  to  the  Treasurer  of  the  Board,  and  incorporated  in 
the  minutes  of  the  Mission. 


\ 


58 


SALARIES,  ALLOWANCES,  FUR¬ 
LOUGHS,  ETC. 

A.  SALARIES 

66.  Salaries  of  missionaries  vary  in  different  countries,  ac¬ 
cording  to  the  expense  of  living.  They  are  determined  by 
the  Board,  after  correspondence  with  the  Missions.  A  place 
of  residence  is  provided  or  rent  paid.  Missions,  in  making 
assignments  of  their  members,  should  be  sure  that  living 
quarters  are  available  adequate  to  the  maintenance  of  health 
and  efficiency.  The  Board  desires,  as  soon  as  practicable,  to 
provide  a  fund  in  the  regular  appropriations  of  each  fiscal 
year  from  which  essential  and  emergency  residences  in  regu¬ 
larly  occupied  stations  may  be  provided,  in  response  to  official 
Mission  requests  setting  forth  the  emergency  need.  Children’s 
allowances  are  stated  in  Article  68.  The  salary  of  an  un¬ 
married  missionary,  man  or  woman,  is  usually  sixty  per  cent, 
of  the  salary  of  a  married  man.  A  missionary  working  on 
the  field  while  his  wife  temporaril}'-  resides  in  the  homeland 
with  Board  and  Mission  approval  receives  the  salary  of  an 
unmarried  missionary  and  his  wife  the  usual  home  allowance 
of  a  single  missionary. 

In  case  of  the  death  of  a  missionary,  or  a  child  of  a  mission¬ 
ary,  the  salary  or  allowance  is  continued  for  one  month  from 
date  of  death. 

The  field  salary  begins,  as  a  rule,  on  the  arrival  of  the 
missionary  at  his  Station  and  continues  until  he  leaves  his 
Station  to  return  to  America  or  on  the  termination  of  his 
connection  with  the  Board. 

In  the  case  of  a  missionary  left  a  widower  or  widow  with 
children  and  keeping  house,  the  salary  is  especially  arranged 
in  view  of  the  circumstances. 


59 


Graded  Salaries 

67.  In  most  fields  the  salaries  are  uniform,  in  a  few  others 
the  Missions  have  preferred  to  have  salaries  graded  according 
to  length  of  service.  The  length  of  missionary  service  shall 
be  computed  for  graded  salaries  and  other  matters  on  the  basis 
of  the  actual  total  period  under  support  of  this  Board  as  a  regu¬ 
lar  missionary,  excluding  any  other  missionary  service  unless 
there  is,  ordinarily  at  the  time  of  appointment,  specific  Board 
action  to  the  contrary.  The  length  of  service  of  a  married 
couple  is  determined  by  that  of  the  husband. 

Children’s  Allowances,  Travel,  Etc. 

68.  An  allowance  of  $200  a  year  is  now  made  for  each  child 
under  ten  years  of  age  and  $300  for  the  next  eleven  years,  the 
payments  for  the  last  three  years  not  to  be  made  for  children 
who  are  self-supporting  or  are  married  or  leave  school  for 
other  than  health  reasons.  Children’s  allowances  are  computed 
not  in  fractions  of  months  but  in  full  months  from  the  first 
of  the  month  in  which  the  birth  occurs,  the  increase  to  be 
computed  from  the  first  of  the  corresponding  month  ten  years 
later.  The  allowance  for  children  of  new  missionaries  shall 
begin  with  the  date  of  leaving  home  on  the  outward  journey. 
This  grant  terminates  when  the  missionary  ceases  to  be  con¬ 
nected  with  the  Board,  but  in  case  of  death  of  a  father  in  active 
service  the  children’s  allowances  are  continued  to  the  age 
limit  above  indicated.  (But  Cf.  Article  87.) 

The  Board  cannot  provide  children’s  allowance  for  adopted 
children. 

The  Board  defrays  the  expense  of  the  journey  of  the  children 
of  missionaries  to  America  up  to  the  time  that  their  allowance 
ceases,  the  total  number  of  single  trips  not  to  exceed  five, 
but  it  does  not  engage  to  meet  the  expense  of  their  return 
to  the  field  after  the  age  of  sixteen  unless  they  go  out  as  mis¬ 
sionaries  under  appointment  of  the  Board. 

In  fields  where  the  full  term  is  but  five  years  or  less,  thc 


60 


Board  will  consider  requests  for  six  or  seven  trips  for  the 
children  of  missionaries,  if  circumstances  warrant  them. 

The  provisions  of  this  Article  indicate  the  extent  to  which 
the  Board  feels  able  to  provide  for  the  maintenance  and  educa¬ 
tion  of  children. 

69.  Homes  for  the  children  of  missionaries  are  provided 
in  the  United  States,  through  the  generosity  of  Christian 
friends.  Inquiries  concerning  these  homes  should  be  addressed 
to  the  Home  Base  Department  of  the  Board. 

Outfit,  General 

70.  Outfit  allowances  are  granted  to  new  missionaries  to 
assist  toward  the  purchasing  of  articles  for  the  furnishing  of 
homes  and  necessary  equipment  for  service.  A  grant  of  $250 
is  made  to  unmarried  missionaries  and  $500  to  a  man  and  wife. 
In  the  Africa  Mission  the  grants  to  individual  missionaries  for 
outfit  allowances  are  one-half  these  amounts.  In  this  Mission, 
the  Board  appropriates  the  other  half  of  the  outfit  allowance 
to  the  Mission  for  each  missionary,  with  the  understanding 
that  it  is  to  be  expended  for  heavy  furniture  which  shall 
become  the  property  of  the  Mission. 

Since  some  necessary  articles  can  be  obtained  to  equal  or 
better  advantage  on  the  field  thus  saving  freight,  and  since 
the  new  missionary  is  better  able  to  determine  after  arrival 
on  the  field  what  is  really  needed,  experienced  missionaries 
advise  limited  purchasing  before  sailing  and  retaining  more 
than  half  of  the  outfit  allowance  until  after  reaching  his 
destination.  Any  unused  portion  may  be  drawn  prior  to  the 
end  of  the  fiscal  year  following  the  year  of  arrival. 

Outfit,  Medical 

71.  Medical  missionaries  going  to  stations  where  there 
are  established  hospitals  are  allowed  a  sum  not  to  exceed 
$50  to  provide  a  personal  medical  equipment;  to  those  going 
to  stations  where  there  are  no  hospitals,  an  additional  allow¬ 
ance  for  surgical  outfit,  not  to  exceed  $300,  is  made  after 


61 


approval  by  the  Board's  Secretar}'  for  the  Mission  and  the 
Medical  Secretary.  On  withdrawal  of  missionary  physicians 
from  service  with  the  Board,  all  such  outfits  shall  be  reported 
to  the  Board  and  turned  over  to  the  Station  Treasurers  to  be 
held  subject  to  the  Board’s  instructions. 

On  the  removal  of  a  medical  missionary  from  one  Station 
to  another  the  medical  outfit  shall  remain  for  the  successor, 
unless  the  medical  work  is  to  be  closed  or  unless  there  is  no 
outfit  at  the  Station  to  which  removal  is  made,  in  which  case 
the  Mission  shall  determine  the  use  of  the  outfit. 

Medical  Allowances 

72.  (a)  Bills  on  the  field  for  medical,  surgical  and  one- 

half  dental  expenses,  including  prescribed  medicines,  when 
incurred  under  proper  field  and  Board  regulations,  should  be 
met  within  the  regular  appropriations.  Each  Mission  should 
include  in  Class  VI  of  its  estimate  sheets  a  definite  amount 
covering  ordinary  needs  of  this  kind;  it  thus  becomes  un¬ 
transferable  and  will  constitute  a  medical  fund  carried  over 
from  year  to  year. 

(b)  A  special  term  missionary  may,  if  desired  by  the 
Mission,  be  granted  medical  but  not  dental  care,  the  expendi¬ 
ture  to  be  kept  within  the  medical  allowance  of  the  regular 
appropriation  of  the  Mission.  No  expenditure  is  to  be  in¬ 
curred  for  affiliated  missionaries  except  by  specific  Board 
authorization. 

(c)  Bills  of  missionaries  on  furlough  in  excess  of  $25  per 
year  for  single  missionaries  and  $50  per  year  for  a  family, 
for  medical,  surgical,  oculist  and  one-half  dental  charges, 
when  incurred  by  prior  advice  of  the  Board,  will,  upon  request, 
ordinarily  be  met  by  the  Board.  The  financial  responsibility 
of  the  Board  begins  after  the  individual  has  spent  a  total  of 
$25  (or  the  family  $50)  in  one  furlough  year  for  medical, 
surgical,  oculist  (not  optician)  and  dental  expenses  combined. 
Thereafter,  one-half  dental  and  all  other  medical  expenses 

62 


/ 


are  chargeable  to  the  Board  upon  the  proper  authorization  of 
the  Medical  Secretary.  The  Board  is  not  responsible  for 
medical  expenses  incurred  without  its  advance  approval,  except 
in  emergencies  which  do  not  permit  prior  consultation. 

Missionaries  on  furlough  who  are  staying  at  a  hospital  or 
sanitarium  are  to  pay  one  dollar  per  day  toward  any  charge 
by  the  institution,  including  special  nursing,  irrespective  of 
and  in  addition  to  the  regular  quota  of  $25  for  a  single  person 
or  $50  for  a  family.  If,  however,  the  stay  is  solely  for 
purposes  of  examination,  and  the  charges  are  strictly  examina¬ 
tion  charges  as  distinguished  from  board  and  room,  the  mis¬ 
sionary  will  not  be  expected  to  pay  anything  toward  them. 

In  sending  statements  of  medical  expenses  to  the  Board, 
the  dates  of  the  various  items  involved  should  be  given  and 
the  name  of  the  member  of  the  family  for  whom  the  charge 
was  made.  Bills  for  such  expenditures  should  be  made  out 
to  the  missionary  concerned  and  not  to  the  Board. 

Medical  Regulations 

73.  At  Stations  where  medical  missionaries  are  laboring 
under  commission  from  the  Board,  they  are  regarded  as  the 
physicians  of  the  missionary  families  connected  with  the 
Board,  to  render  service  to  them  without  charge,  and  the 
Board  does  not  engage  to  be  responsible  for  expense  incurred 
in  seeking  medical  aid  elsewhere.  Medical  missionaries  shall 
be  the  health  and  sanitary  officers  in  their  respective  stations 
and  shall  have  the  right  of  initiative  in  raising  questions  of 
individual  hygiene  or  general  sanitation.  They  are  explicitly 
authorized  by  the  Board  to  study  these  matters  in  the  Mission 
and  stations.  The  Medical  Secretary  of  the  Board  is  expected 
to  cooperate  actively  in  programs  of  preventive  medicine  for 
the  personnel  on  the  field. 

In  Missions  where  there  are  physicians  under  appointment 
of  the  Board,  the  Mission  shall  arrange  for  annual  physical 
examinations,  details  to  be  arranged  by  the  Mission.  In 


Missions  where  there  are  no  medical  missionaries,  ef¥ort  should 
be  made  to  arrange  for  such  annual  examinations  by  other 
competent  physicians  who  may  be  available. 

Requirements  as  to  preventive  inoculations  arc  as  follows: 

(1)  Vaccination  for  smallpox  at  least  once  in  four  years: 

(2)  inoculation  for  typhoid-paratyphoid  at  least  once  in  two 
years,  unless  the  individual  is  over  fifty  years  of  age,  or  has 
had  a  recent  attack  of  typhoid  or  paratyphoid;  (3)  inoculation 
for  typhoid-paratyphoid  for  children  over  ten  years  of  age. 
For  younger  children  it  is  optional  but  advisable. 

Furloughed  missionaries  with  children  should  consult  the 
Medical  Secretary  of  the  Board  regarding  preventive  inocu¬ 
lations  for  diphtheria  and  scarlet  fever. 

When  missionaries  are  sent  home  from  the  field  either  at 
their  regular  furlough  periods,  or  at  other  times  on  medical 
advice,  the  Mission  Secretary  is  instructed  to  secure  from  the 
doctor  in  charge  a  full  professional  statement  for  the  guidance 
of  the  Board’s  Medical  Secretary. 

Missionaries  w'hen  they  arrive  at  home  on  furlough  shall 
have  a  thorough  medical  examination,  and  a  sufficient  portion 
of  their  furlough  is  to  be  spent  in  rest  and  recuperation  to 
insure  their  return  to  the  field  in  the  best  physical  condition. 

Missionaries  before  their  return  to  the  field  after  furlough 
must  have  another  physical  examination  in  order  to  insure 
good  health  on  the  field.  It  is  important  that  these  examina¬ 
tions  should  be  completed  and  the  report  sent  to  the  Medical 
Secretary  of  the  Board  in  time  for  clearance  for  return  to 
the  field  as  the  Treasurer  of  the  Board  is  not  authorized  to 
advance  final  travel  funds  until  he  receives  the  medical  clear¬ 
ance.  The  Medical  Secretary  sends  out  the  necessary  blanks 
at  least  two  months  before  the  expected  time  of  sailing. 

Remuneration  for  Outside  Work 

74.  The  missionary  under  salary  from  the  Board  is  expected 
to  give  his  time  and  strength  to  the  work  of  Foreign  Mis- 


64 


sions,  under  the  general  direction  of  the  Mission  and  in  accord¬ 
ance  with  the  provisions  of  the  Manual.  If,  with  the  express 
sanction  of  the  Mission  and  the  Board,  he  shall  tem¬ 
porarily  undertake  wmrk  not  under  the  care  of  the  Board, 
any  sum  of  money  paid  for  such  work  shall  be  turned  into 
the  treasury  of  the  Mission  and  credited  to  the  Board,  except 
with  the  approval  of  the  Mission  and  the  explicit  con¬ 
sent  of  the  Board  to  the  contrary.  Where  the  regular  work 
is  a  source  of  revenue,  such  as  medical  fees,  tuition,  etc.,  the 
amount  shall  be  similarly  credited.  This  provision  is  not 
intended  to  cover  gifts  for  personal  use  or  occasional  remunera¬ 
tion  or  honoraria,  but  is  intended  to  apply  to  a  missionary 
who  takes  outside  remunerative  work  for  a  period  and  of  a 
kind  w'hich  affects  the  work  assigned  by  the  Mission  or  which 
the  Mission  could  otherwise  assign  to  him.  (See  Article  33-g.) 

B.  TRAVEL  TO  AND  FROM  THE  FIELD 
Journey  Expenses 

75.  The  Board  pays  the  expense  of  the  journey  from  the 
home  of  the  missionary  to  his  Station,  or  vice  versa,  by  a 
direct  route.  If  a  missionary  wishes  to  deviate  from  this 
route  and  there  be  no  valid  reason  to  the  contrary,  he  shall 
receive  a  sum  equal  to  the  expense  of  the  direct  journey  as 
estimated  by  the  Board.  This  sum  is  based  upon  the  shortest 
and  least  expensive  route  and  is  not  intended  to  include 
items  of  emergency  beyond  those  incident  to  delays  from 
disarranged  service.  In  case  of  deviation  from  the  direct 
route  or  delays,  the  additional  expense  of  which  is  assumed 
by  the  missionary,  the  time  thus  consumed  will  be  taken  into 
consideration  in  fixing  the  date  at  which  home  allowance  shall 
begin  or  end. 

The  extra  time  spent  in  such  travel  shall  be  deemed  a  part 
of  the  furlough  and  not  an  addition  to  it,  and  plans  should 
be  made  to  arrive  on  the  field  not  later  than  at  the  expiration 
of  the  leave  of  absence. 

65 


Indirect  routes  back  to  the  field  have  very  frequently  re¬ 
sulted  in  tardy  arrival  on  the  field  either  because  of  failure 
to  arrange  schedules  all  the  way  through  in  advance,  or  be¬ 
cause  of  unforeseen  emergencies  which  are  much  more  likely 
to  arise  on  the  longer,  less  known  and  less  carefully  planned 
route;  also  the  more  serious  and  expensive  health  emergencies 
during  travel  have  largely  occurred  on  these  indirect  routes. 

When  traveling  by  an  indirect  route  no  excess  baggage 
charges  or  freight  should  be  charged  to  the  Board  that  would 
not  have  been  required  had  the  direct  route  been  used. 

The  Board  desires  that  all  missionaries  should  travel  in 
reasonable  comfort  and  in  ways  consistent  with  their  position 
and  service.  It  therefore  advocates  first  class  passage  across 
the  Pacific  and  second  class  or  one  cabin  across  the  Atlantic, 
etc. 

Travel  accounts  of  missionaries  traveling  by  other  than 
direct  routes  shall  be  rendered  covering  the  full  expenses 
incident  to  the  entire  journey  from  Mission  station  to  furlough 
home  or  vice  versa;  and  for  such  part  of  the  journey  as  was 
by  indirect  route,  the  Board  will  grant  a  traveling  allowance 
equivalent  to  the  ordinary  cost  of  route  in  the  classes  of  travel 
which  were  used  in  the  indirect  route. 

Missionaries  are  free  to  travel  indirectly  where  they  have 
funds  of  their  own  to  meet  the  expenses  of  the  additional 
travel,  but  the  Board  cannot  sanction  the  application  to  such 
added  expenses  of  any  savings  that  the  missionary  may  in¬ 
dividually  elect  to  effect  by  traveling  in  inferior  classes. 

Travel  Allowance 

76.  Salary  is  not  paid  during  travel  to  and  from  the  field 
since  the  Board  pays  all  necessary  traveling  expenses.  A 
personal  allowance  of  $1.50  per  day  is  paid  to  each  missionary. 
This  does  not  affect  children’s  allowances.  It  is  understood 
that  this  will  cover  such  incidental  items  during  travel  as 
laundry,  pressing,  barber  charges,  newspapers,  medicines,  trips 


66 


ashore  at  ports  of  call,  contributions  to  funds  on  board  ship, 
any  expenditure  for  steamer  fees  that  may  occur  in  excess  of 
the  maximum  allowed  to  any  missionary  or  family.  The  basis  of 
this  maximum  to  the  more  distant  fields  shall  be  $10.00  for 
a  single  missionary,  $15.00  for  a  married  couple  and  $20.00 
for  a  married  couple  with  children. 

The  Treasurer’s  office  in  New  York,  except  in  a  very  few 
cases,  arranges  for  all  steamship  tickets,  but  due  to  a  ruling 
regarding  clergy  fares,  it  is  necessary  for  the  missionary  to 
secure  his  own  railway  transportation  after  arranging  for 
clerical  certificates  through  the  Treasurer’s  office. 

All  missionaries  under  appointment  or  at  home  on  furlough 
who  are  not  receiving  compensation  from  other  than  religious 
sources  are  entitled  to  clergy  fare  permits  allowing  consider¬ 
able  reduction  on  the  regular  cost  of  railway  travel.  These 
should  be  secured  before  making  any  journeys  at  the  Board’s 
expense. 

Missionaries  should  apply  to  the  Mission  Treasurer  several 
months  in  advance  of  their  return  to  America  for  Clergy 
Certificate  application  blanks  so  that  Certificates  may  be 
obtained  in  the  States  and  returned  to  the  field  before  the 
journey  begins. 

Traveling  on  Furlough 

77.  Arrangements  for  the  home  journey  should  be  made  on 
the  most  economical  basis  consistent  with  reasonable  comfort 
through  the  Mission  Treasurer.  Missionaries  should  obtain 
from  him  copies  of  the  Travel  Manual  with  full  detailed  in¬ 
structions. 

As  far  as  possible,  tickets  for  the  journey,  with  instructions, 
should  be  arranged  for  and  provided  by  the  Mission  Treasurer. 
He  is  usually  more  familiar  with  the  routes  and  rates  than 
the  missionary. 

All  points  where  the  journey  is  necessarily  broken,  as  at 
Hongkong  and  at  points  in  Japan  and  England,  immediate 

67 


engagements  should  be  made  for  the  next  stage  in  the  journey, 
provided  engagements  cannot  be  made  in  advance  by  post  or 
telegraph. 

Missionaries  in  returning  home  must  bring  a  regular  clear¬ 
ance  sheet  showing  balance  in  personal  account,  if  any,  date 
to  which  salary  and  children’s  allowance  were  paid,  amount 
advanced  for  travel  and  advance  made  on  home  salary,  if  any. 
As  soon  as  possible  after  arriving  in  America  they  should 
report  to  the  Board  offices. 

In  the  case  of  missionaries  on  first  furlough  who  must 
spend  the  major  part  of  their  furlough  in  a  place  of  study, 
the  Board  will  pay  the  expense  of  travel  from  the  field  to  the 
more  distant  place,  whether  home  or  place  of  study,  with  the 
understanding,  however,  that  when  the  place  of  study  is  the 
more  distant  it  shall  be  as  near  the  missionary’s  home  as 
possible,  and  must  be  agreed  upon  in  advance  of  the  mission¬ 
ary’s  homecoming  in  correspondence  between  the  missionary 
and.  if  necessary,  the  Mission  and  the  Board. 

Missionaries  should  remember  that  the  place  of  study  may 
determine  the  destination  to  which  the  Board  pays  travel, 
since  it  will  naturally  be  the  place  in  which  the  missionary 
spends  the  greater  part  of  his  furlough;  that  the  Board’s 
Furlough  Study  Committee  has  been  appointed  to  supervise 
the  study  of  such  missionaries;  and  that  consequently  the 
place  of  study  should  not  be  settled  by  the  missionary  without 
consultation  with  the  Committee.  This  does  not  rule  out  the 
possibility  of  taking  special  courses  in  particular  institutions, 
attendance  at  which  may  involve  unusual  travel  expense; 
but  the  missionary  should  not  make  such  arrangements  on  the 
assumption  that  the  Board  will  pay  the  travel  unless  it  has 
agreed  in  advance  to  do  so.  Such  special  cases  will  be  sym¬ 
pathetically  considered  by  the  Committee  and  endeavor  will 
be  made  to  provide  in  some  waj^  to  make  such  study  possible 
when  it  is  really  necessary. 


68 


Furlough  Residence 

78.  It  is  desirable  that  furloughs  be  spent  in  the  United 
States.  Any  missionary  wishing  to  spend  part  of  the  fur¬ 
lough  in  a  foreign  country  is  expected  to  correspond  Avith 
the  Board  with  reference  to  the  time  to  be  so  spent  and  the 
date  at  which  the  home  allowance  shall  begin. 

As  the  Board  pays  the  travel  expense  to  the  home  of  the 
missionary,  it  is  necessary  that  the  domicile  be  stated  when 
rendering  the  travel  account.  (Cf.  Article  28c.) 

The  domicile  shall  be  considered  that  place  at  which  the 
missionary  spends  the  greater  part  of  the  furlough,  and  not 
the  farthest  point  to  which  he,  or  she,  may  travel  in  making 
visits  among  relatives,  friends  or  churches. 

For  missionaries  whose  homes,  or  whose  furlough  domiciles, 
are  not  in  America,  the  Board  will  pay  the  cost  of  the  journey 
to  an  amount  not  exceeding  the  cost  of  the  journey  from 
their  Station  to  New  York  City  and  return. 

Baggage  and  Freight  Allowances 

79.  (a)  The  Board  pays  the  expense  of  packing  and  freight 
and  customs  duties  for  new  missionaries  to  the  field  Avithin 
reasonable  limits,  (duties  not  to  exceed  $50.00  per  person) 
for  necessary  articles  for  personal  and  household  use  and 
not  on  more  than  is  included  in  the  regular  freight  and  bag¬ 
gage  allowance.  The  freight  alloAvance  for  new  missionaries 
is  two  measured  tons  for  a  single  missionary  and  four  measured 
tons  for  a  married  couple,  except  as  may  be  determined  by 
special  action  of  the  Board.  The  freight  allowance  for  Africa 
is  one-half  the  usual  amount,  namely,  one  cubic  ton  for  each 
missionary.  One  cubic,  or  measured,  ton  is  equal  to  40  cubic 
feet.  Any  amount  taken  out  beyond  this  quantity  is  at  the 
personal  expense  of  the  missionary.  Requisitions  may  be 
made  upon  the  Board  for  money  to  cover  the  portion  to  be 
paid  for  by  the  Board  by  a  letter  or  memorandum  sent  to  the 
Board’s  Treasurer  in  New  York. 


69 


(b)  One  measured  ton  of  freight,  without  customs  duties, 
is  allowed  each  adult  and  one-half  ton  for  each  child  when 
traveling  on  furlough.  A  freight  allowance  is  not  granted 
unless  goods  are  actually  shipped,  and  an  “out  and  out” 
allowance  for  freight  is  made  only  when  goods  are  shipped 
by  the  most  direct  and  cheapest  route,  in  which  case  the 
allowance  is  the  estimated  cost  of  such  direct  and  cheapest 
route  if  the  quantity  of  freight,  within  the  allowance,  is  actually 
shipped. 

(c)  The  Board  allows  a  maximum  of  350  pounds  of  baggage 
which  the  missionary  is  entitled  to  carry  free  from  his  home 
to  his  destination  on  the  field,  or  vice  versa.  Many  of  the 
steamship  companies  allow  only  20  cubic  feet,  or  about  175 
pounds.  The  railroads  in  the  eastern  section  of  the  United 
States  allow  only  150  pounds,  while  the  trans-Pacific  lines 
and  railways  on  through  trans-Pacific  railroad  tickets  from 
Chicago  or  St.  Louis  west  allow  350  pounds.  In  foreign 
countries  it  is  usually  considerably  less  than  350  pounds. 
Where  the  transportation  lines  allow  less  than  350  pounds 
the  Board  will  pay  excess  charges,  if  necessary,  up  to  350 
pounds  maximum. 

Half  the  above  allowances  will  be  made  for  each  child. 

(d)  The  freight  of  outgoing  missionaries  should  be  shipped 
several  months  in  advance  of  their  sailing,  in  order  that  it 
may  reach  the  field  by  the  time  they  do  or  soon  after  their 
arrival. 

All  goods  should  be  packed  in  stout  cases  or  crates,  as 
compactly  as  possible,  since  ocean  freight  is  charged  for  on 
basis  of  measurement  instead  of  weight,  taking  into  considera¬ 
tion  the  time,  distance  and  risks  of  the  journey,  especially  the 
risks  from  water  and  dampness.  Trunks  must  be  boxed  or 
crated  when  shipped  as  freight. 

Boxes  should  be  numbered  serially  1,  2,  3,  etc.,  and  a  list 
compiled  for  each  box,  listing  old  goods  separately  from  new 
where  this  is  possible.  In  most  countries  old  goods  are  ad- 


70 


mitted  free  of  duty  and  if  the  contents  of  boxes  are  listed 
without  showing  value  of  old  goods  distinct  from  new  goods, 
duty  is  charged  on  old  goods  as  well  as  on  the  new.  All 
goods,  whether  old  or  new,  must  have  values  set  opposite 
the  various  items.  These  values  are  necessary  for  Customs 
purposes  and  also  are  the  only  basis  of  claims  for  insurance 
in  case  the  box  is  damaged  or  lost. 

These  lists  of  contents  and  shipping  papers  should  be  sent 
to  the  Board’s  Shipping  Department  or  to  the  shipping  com¬ 
pany  specified  by  the  Board.  The  country  to  which  the  Mis¬ 
sionaries  have  been  assigned  should  be  put  in  a  letter  to 
the  Board’s  Shipping  Department  or  shipping  company,  but  not 
marked  on  the  freight  boxes. 

4  The  Board  cannot  assume  responsibility  in  shipping  goods 
where  lists  of  contents  with  values  are  not  furnished. 

The  Treasurer  should  be  advised  promptly  in  cases  where 
there  are  forwarding  charges  to  be  paid  by  the  New  York 
Office  on  goods  shipped  other  than  through  the  Board’s 
Shipping  Department,  giving  the  number  of  pieces  and  total 
value. 

(e)  All  boxes  shipped  through  the  Board  are  insured 
against  loss  at  sea  or  through  theft.  If  any  such  losses  result, 
these  should  be  reported  as  soon  as  possible  to  the  Board 
by  letter.  This  report  should  show  the  goods  received  as 
well  as  those  lost.  Shipping  Companies  do  not  ordinarily 
insure  against  theft,  therefore  in  writing  to  them  when  send¬ 
ing  lists,  bills  of  lading,  etc.,  state  definitely  that  you  wish 
freight  boxes  to  be  insured  .against  theft. 

Passports 

80.  Passports  are  necessary  but  the  regulations  regarding 
them  change  so  often  that  it  is  impracticable  to  include  in 
this  Manual  instructions  regarding  them.  The  Treasurer  of 
the  Board  will  furnish  all  needed  information,  and  missionaries 
should  be  careful  to  fulfill  all  conditions  imposed  by  the 
Government. 


71 


C.  FURLOUGHS 


81.  The  appointment  of  regular  missionaries  contemplates 
service  for  life.  Stated  furloughs  are  in  complete  accord  with 
such  service.  Change  of  environment  tends  to  preserve  or 
restore  health  and  energy,  and  the  presence  of  missionaries  in 
the  churches  at  home  increases  interest  in  Mission  work.  The 
frequency  of  furloughs  varies  with  the  degree  of  isolation 
and  climatic  conditions  of  the  fields  in  which  the  missionaries 
work.  Exigencies  of  the  work  may  render  necessary  a  length¬ 
ening  of  some  terms  of  service,  and  exigencies  of  health  may 
shorten  others,  the  general  rule  being  that  missionaries  should 
take  their  regular  furloughs  at  stated  times.  If  exigencies  of 
the  work  require  a  change  in  the  date  of  sailing  on  furlough 
the  change  should  preferably  be  a  lengthening  rather  than  a 
shortening  of  the  term.  The  needs  of  the  work  should  be 
considered  well  in  advance  and  furloughs  so  arranged  that 
requests  will  not  be  made  to  shorten  terms  of  service  because 
other  furloughs  become  due  at  the  same  time. 

In  cases  where  a  missionary  has  been  on  the  field  longer 
than  the  usual  term  and  his  wife  for  a  period  shorter  than 
the  usual  term,  or  vice  versa,  it  shall  be  allowable  to  fix 
the  minimum  term  at  an  average  point  for  the  two.  Exceptions 
may  be  made  in  cases  of  wives  kept  in  America  on  account 
of  ill-health  or  for  other  reasons  approved  by  the  Board. 

Terms  of  Service  and  Furloughs 

82.  (a)  In  every  case  a  furlough  must  be  approved 

by  the  Mission  and,  except  an  'emergency  health  furlough, 
must  be  included  in  the  annual  estimates.  The  Board  meets 
travel  expenses  both  ways  for  approved  furloughs,  unless 
specifically  stated  to  the  contrary. 

The  period  of  furlough  is  in  addition  to  the  tirne  required 
for  direct  travel.  For  indirect  travel  see  Article  75. 

The  Missions  shall  ensure  that  the  time  of  leaving  the  field 
is  at  a  suitable  period  after  the  full  term  of  service;  that  the 

72 


return  to  the  field  at  the  expiration  of  the  furlough  shall 
also  be  at  a  suitable  season  of  the  year;  and  that  the  furlough 
be  so  timed,  if  possible,  that  the  absence  from  the  field  shall 
include  at  least  one  hot  season.  In  this  adjustment  the  term 
of  service  shall  not  be  shortened  and  the  furlough  will  not  be 
lengthened  except  as  specifically  stated  elsewhere. 

In  China,  Chosen,  Japan  and  Syria  Missions,  where 
the  term  of  service  expires  before  October  1st,  missionaries 
shall  be  allowed  to  leave  on  furlough  during  the  July  previous 
to  the  expiration  of  the  term  of  service,  and,  in  the  case  of 
the  twelve  months’  furlough,  shall  return  so  as  to  arrive  at 
the  port  of  entry  about  September  1  of  the  following  year. 
If  the  term  of  service  expires  after  October  1st,  missionaries 
may  leave  the  field  at  such  time  thereafter  as  the  Mission 
may  determine,  provided  it  be  at  such  a  season  as  to  allow 
the  return  to  the  field  at  the  expiration  of  the  regular  furlough 
in  America. 

In  the  Philippine,  Hainan,  Yunnan  and  Siam  Missions,  mis¬ 
sionaries  who  have  arrived  on  the  field  for  the  opening  of  the 
schools  in  June,  may  leave  the  field  on  the  furlough  when  the 
schools  close  at  the  end  of  Alarch  preceding  the  end  of  the 
full  term  of  service,  returning  before  the  opening  of  the  schools 
in  June  of  the  following  year. 

(b)  After  the  first  term  of  service  the  furlough  shall  be 
used  in  further  preparation  under  the  direction  of  the  Mission 
and  the  Board.  If  the  first  furlough  is  not  devoted  to  study 
for  further  preparation  under  the  direction  of  the  Mission  and 
the  Board,  the  regular  furlough  rules  as  to  length  of  furlough 
shall  apply.  (Cf.  Article  28d.) 

(c)  No  provision  is  made  for  a  proportionate  furlough. 
In  case  a  missionary  must  come  home  prior  to  the  regular 
furlough,  the  case  shall  be  presented  by  the  Mission  to  the 
Board  for  special  consideration.  If  the  Board  shall  approve, 
(a)  the  period  of  such  absence,  less  one  month  for  the  annual 
vacation  on  the  field  (if  the  absence  from  the  field  included 


73 


the  regular  vacation  time)  shall  be  deducted  from  the  period 
of  absence  authorized  for  that  Mission  for  the  next  regular 
furlough,  or  (b)  the  next  full  term  of  service  shall  be  from 
the  time  of  return  to  the  field  after  the  leave  of  absence. 
During  a  leave  of  absence,  all  expense  for  travel  shall  be 
provided  by  the  missionary,  and  all  financial  allowances  from 
the  Board  shall  cease,  except  that  (a)  children’s  allowances 
may  be  continued,  and  (b)  field  salary  for  the  regular  vacation 
time  (if  included  within  the  period  of  field  absence)  shall  be 
paid. 

Terms  of  Service  and  Furloughs 

(d)  South  Braail,  Chile,  Persia,  Syria,  Japan,  Chosen,  China 
{excepting  S.  China,  Hainan  and  Yunnan) 

First  term  of  service,  5  years  with  a  12  months’  furlough; 

Subsequent  term,  7  years  with  a  12  months’  furlough; 

or  6  years  with  a  9  months’  furlough; 

or  5  years  with  a  6  months’  furlough. 

(c)  Central  Brasil  and  Guatemala 
First  term  of  service,  4  years  with  a  12  months’  furlough; 

Subsequent  term,  6  years  with  a  12  months’  furlough; 

or  5  years  with  a  9  months’  furlough, 

or  4  years  with  a  6  months’  furlough. 

(f)  Hainan 

All  terms,  5  years  with  12  months’  furlough 

(g)  Philippines,  Yunnan  and  South  China 

First  term  of  service,  5  years  with  a  12  months’  furlough; 

Subsequent  term,  6  years  with  a  12  months’  furlough; 

or  5  years  with  a  9  months’  furlough. 

(h)  Siam 

First  term  of  service,  4  years  with  a  12  months’  furlough; 
Subsequent  terms:  4  years  and  9  months  with  a  12  months’ 
furlough; 

or  4  years  with  a  9  months’  furlough. 
74 


(i)  India 

1.  In  the  Punjab  and  North  India  Missions 

First  term  of  service,  5  years  and  7  months  with  a  14 
months’  furlough; 

Subsequent  terms,  Single  women,  6  years  and  7  months 
with  a  14  months’  furlough; 

Married  missionaries,  7  years  and  7  months  with  a  14 
months’  furlough. 

The  furlough  of  14  months  shall  be  in  addition  to  the  time 
of  travel  to  and  from  the  field,  missionaries  to  leave  the  field 
not  earlier  than  May  1,  and  to  arrive  on  the  field  after  furlough 
not  later  than  October  1. 

Missionaries  may  take  an  emergency  furlough  of  six  months 
after  five  and  a  quarter  years,  this  emergency  furlough  not  to 
be  taken  except  wdth  special  sanction  of  the  Mission  and  the 
Board. 

2.  In  the  Western  India  Mission  the  term  of  service  sub¬ 
sequent  to  the  first  is  to  be  six  years  wdth  12  months’  furlough, 
or  five  years  with  9  months’  furlough;  the  time  for  leaving 
the  field  on  full  furlough  shall  be  about  the  first  of  March 
following  the  completion  of  term  of  service,  and  for  leaving 
the  United  States  about  the  first  of  April. 

(j)  Mexico 

First  term  of  service,  3  years  wdth  a  12  months’  furlough; 

Subsequent  terms,  7  years  wdth  a  12  months’  furlough; 

or  6  years  with  a  9  months’  furlough; 

or  5  years  wdth  a  6  months’  furlough. 

For  the  hot  lowland  country  the  term  shall  be  3  years  with 
a  6  months’  furlough. 

(k)  Colombia 

First  term  of  service,  3  years  with  a  12  months’  furlough. 

1.  Barranquilla,  Cartagena,  and  stations  in  the  Magdalena 
River  Valley,  6  months’  furlough  after  three  years. 

(2)  Medellin  and  Bucaramanga  Station,  10  months’  furlough 


75 


after  5  years  of  service,  or  8  months’  furlough  after  4  years’ 
service. 

(3)  Bogota  Station,  10  months’  furlough  after  6  years  of 
service,  or  8  months’  furlough  after  5  years. 

(l)  Venezuela 

First  term  of  service,  5  years  with  a  12  months’  furlough; 

Subsequent  terms,  6  years  with  a  10  months’  furlough; 

or  5  years  with  an  8  months’  furlough. 

( m)  IVcst  Africa 

First  term  of  service,  3  years  with  a  12  months’  furlough; 

Subsequent  terms,  3  years  with  a  9  months’  furlough. 

New  missionaries  to  Cameroun  are  expected  to  spend  six 
months  in  France  in  the  study  of  French.  This  time  is  in 
addition  to  their  term  of  service  in  Africa. 

Special  Furloughs 

83.  Any  other  leave  of  absence  than  the  furlough  thus  pro¬ 
vided  for  must  be  by  vote  of  the  Board  on  recommendation 
of  the  Mission,  except  where  a  critical  condition  of  health, 
certified  by  one  or  more  physicians,  does  not  admit  of  delay, 
in  which  case  the  approval  of  the  Mission  will  be  deemed 
sufficient;  the  action  to  be  promptly  reported  to  the  Board, 
with  a  medical  certificate.  The  Board  furnishes  the  Missions 
with  a  form  of  certificate  for  this  purpose,  and  the  reception 
and  approval  of  these  certificates,  together  with  the  judgment 
of  the  Mission  thereon,  must  precede  the  settling  of  the  travel 
account  of  a  missionary  returning  to  the  United  States,  when 
no  provision  has  been  made  for  such  return  in  the  annual 
appropriation.  This  medical  certificate  must  be  signed  by  the 
Board’s  medical  missionary  at  the  Station,  where  there  is  one. 
Where  a  consultation  of  the  medical  missionaries  of  a  Mission 
is  practicable,  it  shall  be  only  on  the  recommendation  of  such 
a  consultation  that  missionaries  shall  be  sent  home  on  account 
of  ill  health. 


76 


The  same  rules  apply  in  cases  where  a  serious  illness  of 
children  makes  it  necessary  to  bring  them  to  the  United  States. 
If  a  child  in  such  circumstances  is  accompanied  to  America 
by  either  or  both  parents,  prior  approval  of  the  Mission,  or 
its  Executive  Committee,  should  be  given  and  if  time  permit 
of  the  Board  also. 

Home  Allowance 

84.  The  allowance  while  at  home  is  (1927)  $2,100  per  annum 
to  a  husband  and  wife  and  $1,200  to  an  unmarried  man,  to  an 
unmarried  woman  and  to  a  wife  whose  husband  remains  on  the 
field.  Missionaries  may,  at  their  discretion,  draw  in  advance 
one  months’  home  allow'ance  from  the  Mission  Treasurer 
prior  to  leaving  the  field  or  from  the  Treasurer  in  New'  York 
upon  arriving  in  the  United  States. 

The  home  allowance  begins  when  the  payment  of  travel¬ 
ing  expenses  from  the  field  ceases  and  ends  wdien  the  pay¬ 
ment  of  traveling  expenses  to  the  field  begins.  Whenever 
the  alternative  offered  in  Article  75  is  accepted,  the  home 
allowance  shall  begin  at  the  time  the  missionary  would  have 
reached  his  home  in  this  country  by  a  direct  route,  and  the 
same  principle  shall  be  applied  when  the  journey  is  toward 
the  field. 

The  home  allowance  of  widows  and  w'idowers  with  chil¬ 
dren  shall  be  presumptively  that  of  unmarried  missionaries 
plus  children’s  allowances,  with  the  understanding  that  these 
amounts  may  be  supplemented  if  this  is  found  necessary. 

Home  allow'ance  shall  in  no  case  exceed  the  amount  for 
the  term  of  furlough  as  set  forth  in  Article  82  except  as 
serious  physical  disability,  certified  to  by  a  competent  physi¬ 
cian,  may  call  for  a  longer  period,  or  upon  express  consent 
of  the  Board.  (Cf.  Article  85.) 

Children’s  allowance  is  not  interrupted  by  travel. 

An  amount  not  to  exceed  $25  per  month  for  a  family, 
toward  rent,  will  be  granted  to  those  furloughed  missionaries 


77 


who  may  need  such  assistance.  Applications  should  be  made 
on  blanks  furnished  by  the  Board.  These  grants  are  con¬ 
sidered  in  accordance  with  the  principle  that  the  rental  allow¬ 
ance  should  not  exceed  two-thirds  of  the  rent  that  the  mission¬ 
ary  is  obliged  to  pay,  provided  that  the  amount  of  the  Board’s 
grant  shall  not  exceed  $25  a  month  and  that  the  duration  of 
the  grant  shall  be  within  the  Manual  limit  of  the  furlough, 
except  when  an  extension  is  made  on  a  medical  certificate 
of  ill-health. 

Extension  of  Furlough 

85.  For  satisfactory  reasons  the  furlough  may  be  extended 
without  home  allowance,  except  in  cases  of  ill-health;  but  at 
the  end  of  the  second  year  except  in  special  cases,  the  connec¬ 
tion  of  the  missionary  with  the  Board  will  be  terminated. 
Vacations  on  the  Field 

86.  Such  brief  vacations  on  the  field  as  may  be  necessary 
for  the  best  interests  of  the  Mission  force  are  to  be  deter¬ 
mined  both  as  to  time  and  length  by  the  Missions,  on  the 
basis  of  plans  submitted  by  them  and  approved  by  the  Board. 

The  Board  may  provide  for  exceptional  field  health  changes 
to  be  determined  by  the  Mission  or  Council,  the  necessary 
expenses  to  be  included  in  the  annual  estimates. 

D.  RETIRING  ALLOWANCE 

87.  The  rules  regarding  the  honorable  retirement  of  mis¬ 
sionaries  at  the  age  of  seventy  or  after  forty  years  of  service, 
in  Article  84  of  the  1922  edition  of  the  Manual  and  the  supple¬ 
mentary  regulations  and  interpretations  that  were  issued  in 
1924,  and  the  rule  regarding  the  orphans  of  missionaries  in 
.Article  68  will  necessarily  be  changed  by  the  application  to 
foreign  missionaries  of  the  Service  Pension  Plan  of  the  Board 
of  Ministerial  Relief  and  Sustentation,  on  the  terms  and  in 
the  form  agreed  upon  by  the  two  Boards  and  approved  bj' 
the  General  Assembly  of  1927.  As  the  General  Assembly’s 
action  had  not  been  taken  when  this  Manual  went  to  press, 
detailed  information  wdll  be  published  later. 

78 


THE  CHURCH  IN  THE  MISSION  FIELD 


Ideals  of  the  Church  on  the  Field 

88.  The  Church  in  the  Mission  Field  should  aim  to  be¬ 
come  self-propagating,  self-supporting  and  self-governing,  and 
should  be  diligent  in  applying  the  principles  of  the  Gospel  of 
Christ  to  the  social  and  moral  problems  of  community  and 
nation.  The  Mission,  with  wise  counsel  and  cordial  assistance 
should  encourage  and  foster  the  Church  in  carrying  out  this 
purpose. 

Relation  Between  Missions  and  the  Church  on  the  Field 

89.  1.  The  right  of  such  a  Church  to  independence  with 
complete  ecclesiastical  authority  and  responsibility  for  the 
administration  of  its  own  affairs  should  be  gladly  welcomed. 

2.  This,  however,  need  not  prevent  connection  of  the  mis¬ 
sionary  with  the  church  courts  in  an  advisory  capacity,  or 
service  on  committees  or  other  service  of  the  Church  in  the 
field  in  any  capacity,  provided  the  desire  of  the  Church  for 
such  relationship  or  service  is  expressed  by  the  Church  itself 
through  its  own  ecclesiastical  authorities;  but  any  such  rela¬ 
tionship  should  be  looked  upon  as  temporary  and  as  falling 
short  of  the  final  objective,  which  is  an  indigenous  Church 
on  a  native  basis  in  which  the  foreign  missionary  becomes  no 
longer  a  necessity. 

3.  Where  the  Church  in  the  mission  field  desires  it  and 
the  Mission  approves,  ordained  members  of  the  Mission  may 
connect  themselves  with  the  courts  of  the  Church  on  the  field. 
The  General  Assembly  of  1925  answered  in  the  negative  an 
overture  asking  whether  a  Presbyterian  minister  can  be  a 
member  of  two  Presbyteries,  one  in  America  and  one  on  the 
foreign  field.  Presbyterial  membership  on  the  field  therefore 
requires  severance  of  the  relationship  with  the  Presbytery  in 

79 


the  United  States  with  which  the  missionary  has  been  con¬ 
nected.  In  the  case  of  presbyteries  belonging  not  to  the 
Presbyterian  Church,  U.  S.  A.,  but  to  union  churches  of  the 
Presbyterian  and  Reformed  order  on  the  foreign  field  or  to 
churches  of  this  order  which  have  grown  out  of  the  work 
of  our  own  missions  into  independent  churches  and  have  been 
so  recognized  by  our  own  General  Assembly,  it  should  not  be 
taken  for  granted  that  missionaries  should  transfer  their  mem¬ 
bership  from  their  home  Church,  but  the  matter  should  be 
decided  in  each  field  in  accordance  with  the  judgment  of  the 
native  Church  and  the  Mission  and  with  regard  to  the  best 
interests  of  the  Church,  such  course  being  followed  as  appears 
most  likely  to  secure  the  real,  speedy  and  complete  independ¬ 
ence  of  the  Church. 

In  some  fields  it  has  seemed  that  the  best  interests  of  the 
Church  were  served  by  missionaries  retaining  their  presbyterial 
membership  in  the  United  States  while  working  with  and 
serving  in  every  way  the  independent  Church  on  the  field.  In 
other  countries  these  churches  have  desired  that  the  mission¬ 
aries  should  join  the  presbyteries  on  the  field. 

If  a  missionary  desires  to  retain  his  presbyterial  membership 
in  America,  and  if  the  Church  in  the  mission  field  desires  some 
field  relationship,  there  is  no  objection  to  his  sitting  as  an 
affiliated  member  or  assessor  and  sharing  in  the  work  of  the 
field  presbyteries  to  any  extent  that  these  may  desire,  provided 
that  such  relationship  is  found  to  be  really  productive  or 
more  rapid  and  complete  autonomy  and  self-responsibility  on 
the  part  of  the  Church,  and  provided  also  that  there  is  clear 
recognition  that  the  missionary  remains  under  the  sole  and 
complete  jurisdiction  of  his  presbytery  in  America.  Where 
this  is  not  the  case,  the  field  presbyteries  should  be  encouraged 
to  do  their  work  in  full  independence,  and  the  missionaries 
should  have  the  status  of  corresponding  members  only. 

In  the  case  of  ordained  missionaries  who  transfer  their  full 
membership  to  the  field,  or  who  become  related  to  the  field 

80 


presbyteries  in  any  partial  degree,  it  is  understood  that  as 
missionaries  they  remain  wholly  under  the  jurisdiction  and 
control  of  the  General  Assembly  of  the  Presbyterian  Church 
in  the  U.  S.  A.,  whose  missionaries  they  continue  to  be  through 
the  Assembly’s  Board  of  Foreign  Missions. 

An  action  of  the  Board  April  19.  1926,  in  reply  to  inquiries 
from  the  Stated  Clerk  of  the  General  Assembly  and  from 
missionaries  on  the  field  and  indicating  the  policy  outlined 
in  the  preceding  paragraphs,  was  brought  to  the  special  atten¬ 
tion  of  the  General  Assembly  of  1926,  which,  on  recommenda¬ 
tion  of  its  Standing  Committee  on  Polity,  declared  it  to  be 
“conforming  to  our  Constitution  and  approved  by  past 
Assemblies.’’ 

Church  Membership  of  Unordained  Missionaries 

The  same  principle  applies  to  unordained  as  to  ordained 
missionaries,  that  is,  they  cannot  be  members  of  two  churches, 
one  at  home  and  one  on  the  foreign  field.  Newly  appointed 
missionaries  should  leave  their  membership  with  their  churches 
in  America,  unless  after  their  arrival  on  the  field,  the  mission 
aries  and  the  native  Church  deem  a  transfer  of  membership 
desirable.  In  either  case,  their  relation  to  the  Board  is 
unchanged. 

Relation  of  the  Church  on  the  Field  to  the  Control  of  Mission 
Funds 

90.  1.  The  right  to  the  control  and  administration  of 
Mission  funds  inheres  in  the  Board  and  the  Mission,  but  a 
Mission  at  its  discretion,  and  with  the  approval  of  the  Board, 
may  make  such  grants  to  the  Church  in  the  field  for  general  or 
specific  purposes  as  it  deems  advisable,  the  Church  then  having 
the  power  of  control  over  and  administration  of  such  funds. 

2.  If  deemed  advisable,  a  Mission  may  with  the  consent 
of  the  Board  transfer  funds  or  institutions  or  other  work  to 
the  Church,  or  to  a  joint  Cooperating  Committee  of  the  Mission 
and  the  Church,  which  ma}^  administer  them. 


81 


3.  Such  joint  Cooperating  Committee  should  be  composed 
of  members  selected  by  the  duly  constituted  Mission  authori¬ 
ties  and  members  selected  by  the  duly  constituted  Church 
authorities. 

4.  Such  a  plan  should  be  put  in  operation  primarily  in 

those  fields  where  there  is  either  a  desire  or  capacity  for 

self-government  which  has  outgrown  the  financial  ability  of 
the  Church,  but  it  should  not  be  adopted  with  the  idea  of 
permanency,  but  as  a  temporary  expedient  looking  forward 
to  and  looking  up  to  self-support  and  final  complete  control 
by  the  Church  on  the  Field. 

National  Leadership  and  Study  Abroad 

91.  The  Board  recognizes  the  necessity  of  trained 
leadership — ministers  and  lay  workers,  both  men  and  women 
— and  that  it  is  the  duty  of  the  Mission  to  start  and  sustain 

schools  for  training  such  leaders.  In  all  forms  of  work,  the 

Church  in  the  Field  should  be  encouraged  from  the  first  to 
cooperate  with  a  view  to  ultimate  assumption  of  responsibility. 
As  higher  education  differs  in  different  fields,  the  Missions 
should  seek  such  advancement  as  will  place  the  leaders  on  a 
footing  of  equality  with  the  best  thought  of  their  constituents. 
In  exceptional  cases  a  limited  number  of  native  leaders  who 
have  availed  themselves  of  the  facilities  for  higher  education 
on  the  field  may  be  carefully  selected  for  study  abroad,  after 
they  have  been  sufficiently  tested  in  active  service  in  the  work 
for  which  they  have  been  trained  and  have  adequate  knowledge 
of  the  English  language  and  provision  for  financial  support. 
Such  workers  should  be  set  only  upon  official  approval  by  the 
Mission  and  by  the  proper  body  of  the  Church  in  the  Field 
and  only  when  adequate  financial  support  has  been  assured  in 
advance.  It  should  be  understood  that  no  obligation  to  employ 
these  students  upon  return  to  their  fields  devolves  upon  the 
Mission  or  the  Church. 


82 


COOPERATION,  UNION  AND  OUT¬ 
SIDE  RELATIONSHIPS 


A.  Cooperation  With  Other  Missions 


92.  1.  Cooperation  should  be  entered  into  with  other  Mis¬ 

sions  of  evangelical  faith  in  any  way  that  will  advance  the 
cause  of  Christ. 

2.  Union  should  be  entered  into  when  practicable  as  a 
natural  result  of  cooperative  ef¥ort  on  the  field. 


I 


B.  Cooperation  in  Evangelistic  Effort 

93.  In  the  large  centers  of  population,  in  particular,  union 
evangelistic  efforts  should  be  entered  into,  in  the  endeavor 
to  reach  and  evangelize  the  unchurched  masses. 


C.  Cooperation  in  Educational  Work 

94.  1.  Cooperation  should  be  undertaken  in  the  higher 
grades  of  education,  the  actual  stage  to  be  determined  by 
local  conditions. 

2.  Cooperating  Missions  and  Churches,  having  delegated 
powers  to  a  field  Board  of  Control,  should  leave  to  this 
Board  the  decision  of  matters  relating  to  the  faculty  and  the 
preparation  of  budget,  and  a  due  measure  of  freedom  in  the 
conduct  of  the  institution. 

D.  Cooperation  in  Press  and  Periodicals 

95.  There  should  be  a  carefully  worked  out  plan  of  co¬ 
operation  or  union  of  the  presses  of  a  given  country  or  region, 
and  in  the  publication  of  evangelical  literature.  Union  effort 
is  particularly  urged  in  the  publication  of  text  books  and 


83 


general  literature  for  schools,  Sunday  School  helps,  hospital 
and  other  records,  hymn  books,  temperance  literature,  tracts, 
and  other  evangelistic  publications,  works  related  to  sanitation 
and  social  hygiene,  etc. 

E.  General  Assembly  Actions  Concerning  Policy  or  Union 

and  Co-operation 

96.  The  definitely  established  policy  of  the  General  As¬ 
sembly  and  the  Board  concerning  the  policy  of  Union  and 
Cooperation  is  expressed  in  the  action  of  the  Board,  May  15, 
1900,  and  specifically  approved  by  the  General  Assembly  of 
that  year,  as  follows: 

“Believing  that  the  time  has  conie  for  a  yet  larger 
measure  of  union  and  cooperation  in  mission  work,  the  Board 
would  ask  the  General  Assembly  to  approve  its  course,  in 
recommending  to  its  Missions  in  various  lands  (in  line  with 
the  General  Assembly’s  action  of  1887,  Minutes,  p.  23,  having 
in  view  building  up  independent  national  churches  holding 
to  the  Reformed  doctrine  and  the  Presbyterian  polity) 
that  they  encourage  as  far  as  practicable  the  forma¬ 
tion  of  union  churches,  in  which  the  results  of  the  mis¬ 
sion  work  of  all  allied  Evangelical  Churches  should  be  gath¬ 
ered,  and  that  they  observe  everywhere  the  most  generous 
principles  of  missionary  comity;  and,  further,  it  is  voted  that 
the  Board  now  adopt  the  statement  of  policy  prepared  by 
its  special  Committee  on  Policy  and  Methods,  and  submitted 
to  many  of  the  missionaries  and  approved  by  them,  as  follows: 

“In  the  view  of  the  Board  the  object  of  the  foreign  mis¬ 
sionary  enterprise  is  not  to  perpetuate  on  the  mission  field 
the  denominational  distinctions  of  Christendom,  but  to  build 
upon  Scriptural  lines,  and  according  to  Scriptural  principles 
and  methods,  the  Kingdom  of  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ.  Where 
Church  union  cannot  be  attained,  the  Board  and  Missions 
w’ill  seek  such  divisions  of  territory  as  will  leave  as  large 


84 


districts  as  possible  to  tlie  exclusive  care  and  development 
of  separate  agencies.  It  is  believed  that  in  other  regards, 
also,  missionary  comity  should  be  given  large  range;  (1) 
Salaries  of  native  workers  should  be  so  adjusted  among  Mis¬ 
sions  as  not  to  introduce  an  element  of  dissatisfaction  among 
the  workers  of  any  Mission,  or  to  tempt  them  away  from 
the  Mission  with  which  they  are  connected.  (2)  Each  Mis¬ 
sion  and  the  churches  connected  therewith  should  recognize 
the  acts  of  discipline  of  other  Missions  and  the  churches  con¬ 
nected  with  them.  (3)  In  cooperative  educational  work,  and 
especially  where  the  schools  of  one  Mission  train  helpers 
for  other  Missions,  the  latter  should  render  some  compensa¬ 
tory  service.  (4)  Printing  establishments  are  in  many  Mis¬ 
sions  required  by  the  missionary  work.  Such  should  not  be 
unnecessarily  duplicated.  The  printing  establishment  of  one 
Mission  should,  if  possible,  be  made  to  serve  the  needs  of 
all  others  in  the  same  territory.  (5)  A  hospital  invariably 
opens  wide  opportunities  for  evangelistic  work.  Until  these 
are  properly  utilized,  it  is  not  judicious  or  economical  to 
establish  other  hospitals,  the  results  of  whose  establishment 
will  be  to  multiply  further  unutilized  spiritual  opportunities. 
(6)  Fellowship  and  union  among  native  Christians  of  what¬ 
ever  name  should  be  encouraged  in  every  possible  way,  with 
a  view  to  that  unity  of  all  disciples  for  which  our  Lord 
prayed,  and  to  wliich  all  mission  effort  should  contribute.” 

In  1^05  the  Assembly  “noted  with  satisfaction  the  readiness 
of  the  Board  to  give  cordial  response  to  appeals  from  the 
Mission  Stations  for  endorsement  of  reasonable  union  move¬ 
ments  properly  conserving  essential  truths,”  while  in  1916 
it  voted: 

“That  the  Assembly  reiterate  its  hearty  approval  of  the 
Board’s  policy  to  promote  comity,  cooperation  and  union  in 
all  practicable  ways,  thus  avoiding  denominational  overlapping 
and  the  undue  multiplication  of  agencies  in  a  given  field, 
but  using  men  and  money  to  the  best  advantage.” 


85 


F.  Political  Activities 

97.  Although  the  work  of  Foreign  Missions,  so  far  as  its 
primary  aims  and  ultimate  purposes  may  be  realized,  will 
afifect  for  good  all  human  life  and  will  contribute  to  true 
political  progress  and  well-being,  it  is  the  general  duty  of 
missionaries  to  refrain  from  direct  political  activities  and  not 
to  be  involved  in  political  movements  or  disputes. 

G.  Higher  Educational  Institutions  (Not  Union)  and  Their 
Relation  to  Mission  and  Board 

98.  Institutions  of  higher  learning,  other  than  union  insti¬ 
tutions,  may,  at  the  discretion  of  the  Mission,  be  related  to 
the  Mission  direct  and  not  to  the  individual  stations,  and  their 
budgets  may,  at  the  discretion  of  the  Mission,  appear  as 
separate  from  the  Station  budgets  in  the  Mission  estimates. 

99.  Amendments 

Any  Field  Council  or  Mission  may  suggest  to  the  Board 
changes  in,  or  amendments  to  the  Manual. 

The  Board  reserves  the  right,  after  consultation  with  the 
Missions  when  practicable,  to  modify  or  change  the  Manual 
as  the  best  interests  of  the  cause  at  home  and  abroad  may 
require. 


86 


INDEX 


Paiagrapiis 

A 

Addresses . 28  (f),  54 

Affiliated  mission¬ 
ary  . 72  (b) 

Age,  of  candidates...  11 
.‘\gents,  business.  .. 49  (el 

Aim,  missionary . 1-6 

Allowances,  baggage 

and  freight.  .  .  .  75,  79 
Children  ....  56,  66,  68 

Dental  .  72 

Furlough  study....  28 

Home . 29,  84 

Medical  . 71,  72 

Oculist  . 72  (c) 

Orphans  .  68 

Outfit  .  70 

Retiring  .  87 

Travel .  76 

.Vmendments  .  99 

,\nnual  Meetings .  40 

.‘\ppeals,  property ....  63 

Special  .  54 

Application,  for  ap¬ 
pointment  .  10 

•Appointments,  Introd. 

Qualifications  for.. 8-18 
-Appropriations  40,  49  (b) 
51,  52,  53,  54 

Special  .  55 

Transfer  of .  53 

Architects .  57 

Assembly,  0encral..2,  96 

Assignment  .  21 

Audits . 49  (c),  65 

B 

Baggage  allowances  75,  79 
Balances,  Mission  49  (b), 
(c),  52 

Board,  The .  2 

and  Church . 88-91 

and  General  Assembly  2 

and  Missions .  33 

Trustee  of  property.  62 
Budget  54,  63  (1),  63  (k), 
75,  79 

By-Laws  .  39 

C 

Candidates.  ..8-18,  22  (e) 

Guidance  .  23 

Qualifications  . 8-18 

Certificates  of  credit..  64 

Medical  .  . .  83 

Children  .  11 

-Adopted  .  68 

-Allowances  of,  56,  66, 
68,  83 

Homes  in  U.  S .  69 


Raragraiihs 
Inoculation  of  ....  73 

Travel  of  .  68 

Trips  of  .  68 

Church  .  2 

and  Mission  Funds.  90 
and  Mission  Property  62 
Native  1,  3,  51;  88-89 
Relations  to  Mis¬ 
sions  . 89,  90 

Clearance  Sheet .  77 

Clergy  fare  permits.  .  76 
Colleges,  medical...  5  (b) 
Committee,  Board’s 

Furlough  Study.  .  77 
Committees,  -Audit¬ 
ing  . 44,  65 

Executive  . 44,  59 

Guidance  of  new 

missionaries .  44 

Language  .  44 

Property  . 44,  59 

Conference,  New  Alis- 

sionaries  .  20 

Contract,  Manual  not  a 
T  ntrod. 

Cooperation  . 92-9o 

Correspondence  40,  42, 

49  (a) 

with  Board  ....46(b) 
with  Suijportcrs. 46  (d  1 

Councils,  Field .  45 

Credits  . 63  (kl 

Certificates  of  .  64 

Currency,  native  ....  56 

Customs  duties  .  79 

D 

Death  .  66 

Deeds  . 57,  62 

Deficits  .  52 

Degrees  . 28  (e) 

Dentistry  .  72 

IDeputatioi-i  .  36 

Disbursements  .  49 

Domicile  on  fur¬ 
lough  28  (c),  77,  78 

Drafts  . 49  (b) 

Duties .  79 

E 

Education,  Aim  .  4 

Cooperation  .  . .  .94,  96 

Institutions  .  98 

Missionaries  .  13 

Estimates  ..51,  52,  54,  58 

of  Property . 63  (2) 

Evangelistic,  aim .  3 

Cooperation  in  ,  .  ,  ,  91 

Missionaries  .  12 

Examinations,  medical.  73 

87 


Paragraphs 

Exchange  .  56 

iC-xecutive  Commit¬ 
tee  . 31,  41,  42 

F 

Fees . 49  (c),  74 

Steamer  .  76 

F'ield,  designation  of.  21 

(Force  lists . 22  (f),  29 

Freight  .  .  .22  (c),  75,  79 
Furlough,  General 

Rules  . 81-85 

-Allowance  .  29 

Direct  journey  ....  75 
Extension ...  28  (d),  85 

Tourney  .  77 

Proportionate  ...82(c) 

Regular  . 81,  82 

Rent  allowance.  ...  84 

Residence  . 77,  78 

Special  .  83 

Study  .  77 

.Substitutes .  17 

Travel  . 75-80 

G 

General  .Assembly,  sec 
.-Assembly 

Gifts . 52,  54,  ,  57 

H 

•Health  returns.......  83 

(Hospitals  .  . . 5  (b) 

Charges  . 72  (c) 

1 

Industrial  work .  15 

Inoculation  .  73 

Institutions,  finances 

of  . 49  (d) 

Insurance  .  60 

Freight  .  . .  79 

Investments,  field.. 49  (b) 

J 

.Tourney,  direct, indirect  75 
Tunior  missionaries...  23 

L 

Language  Committee.  44 
School  and  study  24,  51 
Leadership,  native.  .3  (e) 
Letters,  cf. correspondence 

Literature  .  6 

Work  on  .  47 

Lists,  of  force . 22  (f) 

of  Property  .  63 

Loans  . 49  (hi 

M 

Manual,  acceptance  card, 
Introd. 

Amendments  of.  .  .  .  99 
Exceptions  ....  Introd. 
Not  a  contract ..  Introd. 


Paragraphs 

Travel  . 

..  77 

Marriage  . 

.  .  16 

Medical,  aim  of  . . 

.  .  5 

Allowances . 

.  .  72 

Certificates . 

...83 

Examinations  .  . 

.  .  73 

^fissionaries  . .  . 

..  14 

Outfit  . 

.  .  .  71 

Profession  . 

.5  (b) 

Regulations  .... 

.  .  .  73 

Secretary  . 

...  73 

.Medicine,  preventive 

5  (b) 

Mission  . 

.2,  32 

.■\nnual  Meetings 

of  40 

and  Board  . 

.  .  33 

By-Laws . 

.  .  .  39 

Duties  of  . 

34,  35 

Membership  of. . 

.  .  .  32 

Minutes  . 

.  .  .  46 

Organization  .  .  . 

38,  39 

Policy  . 

.  .  .  39 

Powers  of  33,  49  (d),  39 

Relation  to  native 

church  . 

.88-91 

Secretary  of  ... 

.  .  .  42 

Survey  . 

T reasurer  of ... . 

43,  49 

Missionaries  . 2 

!,  7-18 

Affiliated  .  .  7  (c) , 

72  (b) 

.Appointed  on  field.  .  17 

Business  . 

Educational  .... 

.  ..  13 

Evangelistic 

.  .  .  12 

Industrial  ..... 

. .  .  15 

lunior  . 

. .  .  23 

Medical  . 

14,  73 

Medical  care  of.  . 

.5  (b) 

Nurses  . 

...  14 

Presbyterial  Member- 

ship  of  . 

.  .  .  89 

Regular  . 

.7  (a) 

Relation  of  unor- 

dained  to  church.  89 

Self-supporting  . 

.7  (c) 

Special  term 

7  (b). 

72  (b) 

Money  orders  .... 

..  64 

Mortgage  . 

...  57 

N 

Nurses  . 5  (b) ,  14 

O 

ftbjects,  .special  .  . 

.  .  .  54 

Oculist . 

72  (c) 

Orphans  . 

.  .  68 

Outfit  ..22(c),  29, 

70,  71 

Overdrafts  .  . . 

..  53 

P 

Passports  . 

.  .  80 

Permits,  clergy  .  . 

..  76 

Photographs  46(h),  57, 

63  (e) 


Paragraphs 

Policv  . . 

Politics" . 

.  ...  97 

Powers  of  Mission...  39 

Property,  Architects..  57 

Balances  . 

. . . .  63 

Board  trustee 

ot . .  62 

Committee  .  .  .  . 

. . .  .  59 

Destruction  of. 

. . . .  61 

Emergency  items  63  (b) 

Estimates  ..51, 

63  (2) 

Insurance  .... 

. ...  60 

I.ist.s  . 

.  .  . .  63 

Needs  for  . 

.49  (b) 

Plans  . 

.  ..  .  57 

Preparation  of 

lists  63 

Purchase  of  .  . 

....  57 

Relation  to  native 

church  . 

. . . .  62 

Rent  of  . 

....  58 

Repairs  . 

Replacements  . . 

....  61 

Requests  for  .  . 

...  .  54 

Sale  of . 

.57,  58 

Press  . 

.16,  48 

Cooperation-  in 

. . . .  95 

Publications  . 

..6,  48 

Cooperation  in 

. . . .  95 

Purchases  . 

. . . .  64 

Presbyteries  . 

'>  \  '> 

Missionary  member¬ 
ship  of  .  8? 


Q 

Qua’.ifications,  for  ap- 
poiiitment  8-18,  22(e) 

R 

Recall  . 30,  31 

Receipts,  field  52,  54,  58 
Remuneration,  outside 

work  .  74 

Re!!ts  .  51 

Field  .  58 

Furlough  .  84 

Repairs . 60,  63  (b) 

Reports  .  46 

Property  . 63  (m) 

Residences  22  (d),  63  (b), 
66 

Furlough  .  78 

Resignations . 29,  30 

Retirement,  honorable.  87 
S 

Salary _ 22  (h),  56,  66 

Graded  .  67 

Sanitation  . 5  (h),  73 

Sdiools .  4 

Secretaries,  Board  46,  73 
Mission  and  Station  42 
Self-government  ...1,  88 
Self-propagation ....  1 ,  88 
Self-support....!,  51,  88 

88 


Paragraphs 
Social  service  1,  3  (d), 
4  (c),  5,  88 
Special  term  mission¬ 


ary  . 72  (h) 

Specialization  .  21 

Station  .  37 

Statistics  .  46 

Students,  field  .  23 

Native  in  America..  9! 

Study  . . . 19,  77 

Furlough  .  28 

Language  .  51 

Substitutes .  17 

Survey  .  35 

T 

Tax,  on  gifts .  54 

Teachers,  language...  25 
Short  term . 22  (a) 


Terms,  of  service  22,  26, 
82 

Testimonials,  of  can¬ 
didates  10,  12,  13,  14, 
15,  16 

Titles  . 57,  62 

Transfer,  of  appropria¬ 
tions  .  53 

'I'ransfers  .  52 

'rranslalion  .  47 

Travel  . 49  (r),  68 

Allowances  .......  76 

Expenses  of  ....75,  77 

Furlough  . 7.5-80 

Manual  .  77 

To  and  from 

field  . 22(b),  29 

To  June  Conference  20 
To  Mission  Meetings  40 
Treasurers,  Board....  64 
Mission  43,  49,  50,  56, 
63  (m),  64 

Station  .  50 

Tuition  .  74 

U 

Ltnion,  policy  of.... 92-96 


Properties  . 63  (c) 


V 

Vacancies  .  .  .  . 

....17, 

29 

Vacations,  field 

86 

\'^accination  .  . 

73 

Voting.  .7  (c) , 

22,  31, 

40 

X’ouchers . 

49  (a). 

65 

)V 

Widows  . 

66 

Widowers  .... 

66 

Withdrawals  .  . 

_ 29, 

40 

Wives . 

.  .  .7,  9, 

16 

Women,  correspond- 

ence  of  . . 

....46  (b) 

Missionaries. 

..7,  9, 

12 

Secretaries  . 

. . . .46  (b) 

4224 


•* 


